BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                            Senator Loni Hancock, Chair              A
                             2011-2012 Regular Session               B

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          AB 877 (Skinner)                                            
          As Amended May 27, 2011 
          Hearing date:  June 28, 2011
          Vehicle Code
          SM:mc

                      NONPROSECUTION OF PENDING NONFELONY VEHICLE

                         VIOLATIONS FOLLOWING INCARCERATION  


                                       HISTORY

          Source:  Office of the Sheriff, City and County of San Francisco

          Prior Legislation: AB 3569 (Becerra) - Chap. 950, Stats. of 1992

          Support: California Public Defenders Association; Community 
                   Works; East Bay Community Law Center; Equal Justice 
                   Society; Fathers and Families; Instituto Familiar de la 
                   Raza, Inc.; Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights of the 
                   San Francisco Bay Area; Legal Services for Prisoners 
                   with Children; Life Support Alliance; Recovery Survival 
                   Network; Rosen, Bien & Galvan, LLP; San Francisco 
                   Department of Child Support Services; San Francisco 
                   District Attorney's Office

          Opposition:California District Attorneys Association

          Assembly Floor Vote:  Ayes  49 - Noes  25


                                      KEY ISSUES




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          SHOULD PENDING NONFELONY VEHICLE CODE VIOLATIONS BE DISMISSED 
          AFTER THE DEFENDANT SERVES 90 DAYS OR MORE IN COUNTY JAIL?

                                                                (CONTINUED)



          SHOULD THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES BE PROHIBITED FROM DENYING A 
          DRIVER'S LICENSE TO SOMEONE FOR FAILURE TO APPEAR REGARDING A 
          NONFELONY VEHICLE CODE VIOLATION WHICH OCCURRED PRIOR TO THAT PERSON 
          SERVING A COUNTY JAIL SENTENCE OF 90 DAYS OR MORE?

          SHOULD SPECIFIED NONFELONY OFFENSES INCLUDING DRIVING UNDER THE 
          INFLUENCE AND RECKLESS DRIVING BE EXEMPTED FROM THESE PROVISIONS?


                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this bill is to (1) prohibit prosecution of 
          certain nonfelony Vehicle Code violations that occurred prior to 
          the defendant serving 90 days or longer in a consecutive
          12-month period in a county correctional facility, court or 
          county rehabilitation facility, or
          in involuntary home detention; (2) prohibit Department of Motor 
          Vehicles (DMV) from suspending, revoking, or refusing to issue 
          or renew a driver's license as a result of the department having 
          received a notice that a person failed to appear regarding a 
          pending nonfelony Vehicle Code violation occurring prior to the 
          defendant having served 90 days or longer in a consecutive 
          12-month period in a county correctional facility, court or 
          county rehabilitation facility, or in involuntary home 
          detention, if the offense that gave rise to the notice occurred 
          prior to incarceration; (3) exempt from these provisions 
          nonfelony offenses wherein the DMV is required by law to 
          immediately suspend or revoke a person's driver's license upon 
          notice of conviction of the offense; and (4) exempt from these 
          provisions nonfelony offenses for driving-under-the influence or 
          reckless driving.




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           Current law  provides that no one may be prosecuted for any 
          nonfelony offense, except as noted below, arising out of the 
          operation of a motor vehicle or violation of the Vehicle Code as 
          a pedestrian which is pending against him at the time of his 
          commitment to the custody of the Director of Corrections or the 
          Department of the Youth Authority.  

                 These provisions do not apply to any nonfelony offense 
               pursuant to which the department is required by this code 
               to immediately revoke or suspend the privilege of any 
               person to drive a motor vehicle upon receipt of a duly 
               certified abstract of the record of any court showing that 
               the person has been convicted of that nonfelony offense.
                 These provisions do not apply to any offense committed 
               by a person while he is temporarily released from custody 
               pursuant to law or while he is on parole.
                 These provisions do not apply if the pending offense is 
               for reckless driving, driving-under-the influence or 
               driving-under-the influence and causing injury.  (Vehicle 
               Code
               � 41500.)

           Current law  also provides that no driver's license shall be 
          suspended or revoked, nor shall the issuance or renewal of a 
          license be refused as a result of a pending nonfelony offense 
          occurring prior to the time a person was committed to the 
          custody of the Director of Corrections or the Department of the 
          Youth Authority, or as a result of a notice received by the 
          department of a failure to appear or to pay a fine in relation 
          to a Vehicle Code offense, as specified, when the offense which 
          gave rise to the notice occurred prior to the time a person was 
          committed to the custody of the Director of Corrections or the 
          Department of the Youth Authority.  The department shall remove 
          from its records any such notice received by it upon receipt of 
          satisfactory evidence that a person was committed to the custody 
          of the Director of Corrections or the Department of the Youth 
          Authority after the offense which gave rise to the notice 
          occurred.  (Vehicle Code � 41500.)




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           Current law  requires each county to establish a one-time 
          infraction amnesty program for fines and bail providing relief 
          to individuals who are financially unable to pay traffic bail or 
          fines with due dates prior to January 1, 2009, thereby allowing 
          courts and counties to resolve older delinquent cases and focus 
          limited resources on collecting on more recent cases.  Payment 
          of a fine or bail under these amnesty programs shall be accepted 
          beginning January 1, 2012, and ending June 30, 2012.  The 
          Judicial Council shall adopt guidelines for the amnesty program 
          no later than November 1, 2011, and each program shall be 
          conducted in accordance with Judicial Council guidelines.  
          (Vehicle Code � 42008.7.)

           This bill  would expand existing law described above to require 
          the dismissal of certain charges for nonfelony Vehicle Code 
          violations of persons who have served 90 days or longer in a 
          consecutive 12-month period in a county correctional facility, 
          court or county rehabilitation facility, or in involuntary home 
          detention.

           This bill  similarly expands the existing law to prohibit 
          Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) from suspending, revoking, or 
          refusing to issue or renew a driver's license, as a result of 
          the department having received a notice that a person failed to 
          appear regarding a pending nonfelony Vehicle Code violation 
          occurring prior to the defendant having served 90 days or longer 
          in a consecutive 12-month period in a county correctional 
          facility, court or county rehabilitation facility, or in 
          involuntary home detention, if the offense that gave rise to the 
          notice occurred prior to incarceration.

           This bill  exempts from its provisions non-felony offenses 
          wherein the DMV is required by law to immediately suspend or 
          revoke a person's driver's license upon notice of conviction of 
          the offense.

           This bill  exempts from its provisions nonfelony offenses for 
          driving-under-the influence or reckless driving. 




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                    RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION
          
          For the last several years, severe overcrowding in California's 
          prisons has been the focus of evolving and expensive litigation. 
           As these cases have progressed, prison conditions have 
          continued to be assailed, and the scrutiny of the federal courts 
          over California's prisons has intensified.  

          On June 30, 2005, in a class action lawsuit filed four years 
          earlier, the United States District Court for the Northern 
          District of California established a Receivership to take 
          control of the delivery of medical services to all California 
          state prisoners confined by the California Department of 
          Corrections and Rehabilitation ("CDCR").  In December of 2006, 
          plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against CDCR sought a 
          court-ordered limit on the prison population pursuant to the 
          federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On January 12, 2010, a 
          three-judge federal panel issued an order requiring California 
          to reduce its inmate population to 137.5 percent of design 
          capacity -- a reduction at that time of roughly 40,000 inmates 
          -- within two years.  The court stayed implementation of its 
          ruling pending the state's appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.  

          On May 23, 2011, the United States Supreme Court upheld the 
          decision of the three-judge panel in its entirety, giving 
          California two years from the date of its ruling to reduce its 
          prison population to 137.5 percent of design capacity, subject 
          to the right of the state to seek modifications in appropriate 
          circumstances.  
            
          In response to the unresolved prison capacity crisis, in early 
          2007 the Senate Committee on Public Safety began holding 
          legislative proposals which could further exacerbate prison 
          overcrowding through new or expanded felony prosecutions.     

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison overcrowding 
          crisis described above.





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                                      COMMENTS

          1.  Need for the Bill  

          According to the author:

               While current law provides relief to anyone who has 
               been committed to CDCR with outstanding Vehicle Code 
               violation, the code does not apply to persons 
               sentenced to county jail unless they are also or 
               subsequently sentenced to CDCR.

               Studies show that one of the surest ways to assist 
               formerly incarcerated inmates with reintegration in 
               society is to assure that they are employable and able 
               to care for themselves and their families.  A 
               defendant who is unable to obtain a driver's license 
               is less employable, less likely to pay child support, 
               apt to drive despite the lack of a license, unable to 
               obtain insurance and even more troubling, inclined to 
               return to a life of crime - putting the greater 
               community at risk.

               Not having the ability to legally drive is a major 
               barrier to re-entry and becoming a productive member 
               of society.  Quite frequently, upon their release, 
               these individuals often are arrested on a warrant 
               relating to additional charges for the 
               failure to appear in court for a hearing on non-felony 
               Vehicle Code charges scheduled for a date on which the 
               individual was in prison or jail and unable to appear. 












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               The proposed legislation will remove this barrier for 
               over 12,000-19,000 formerly incarcerated individuals 
               statewide.  The community at large will be positively 
               affected by this legislation.  It will allow formally 
               incarcerated individuals to move toward successful 
               reentry, resulting in a decrease in crime and a 
               savings in associated court and incarceration costs.

               Furthermore, it is in the public interest that courts 
               not be burdened with the prosecution of minor vehicle 
               code cases where the defendant has already served a 
               long county jail sentence/incarceration period.  
               Lastly, the additional prosecution for unpaid vehicle 
               infractions (minor non-felony cases) will not 
               facilitate the public safety or rehabilitative purpose 
               of our criminal justice system


               AB 877 does not expand vehicle code offenses already 
               dismissed under current law for over 41 years.  AB 877 
               simply provides the same relief given to state inmates 
               to county inmates.  It covers only those inmates who 
               have  served  90 or more days in a county jail or jail 
               alternative.  In order to limit eligibility, time 
               served must be completed within a 12 month period.  AB 
               877 will not apply to those inmates with pending DUIs 
               or reckless driving, nor to those with pending 
               offenses which would require mandatory license 
               suspension upon conviction.

               Currently, all the persons who are eligible for AB 877 
               relief have outstanding traffic matters in the court.  
               If AB 877 becomes law, all they will need to do is 
               send proof of incarceration (ie. discharge papers) to 
               the courts with a request for disposition.  Without AB 
               877 they will need to add these cases to calendar, and 
               make several court appearances at an estimate of $300 
               per appearance.  AB 877 will save courts, local law 
               enforcement, county jails and Sheriff Departments and 




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               CDCR money and resources by not having to process 
               minor cases and by helping former inmates face less 
               unemployment and recidivism.

          2.  Governor's Realignment Plan  

          Legislation enacted earlier this year will, if implemented, 
          provide that certain low-level felony offenders will serve their 
          sentences locally instead of in state prison.  Inmates convicted 
          of serious or violent felonies or convicted of felony sex 
          offenses will continue to serve their sentences in state 
          prisons.  (AB 109 (Assembly Budget Committee), Chapter 15, 
          Statutes of 2011.)  This bill would allow those individuals 
          serving time in county jail to apply for the same type of relief 
          from old nonfelony Vehicle Code violations those in state 
          prisons are afforded.



          3.  Statement in Support

           The San Francisco District Attorney writes:
           
                The ability to drive lawfully is important for the 
               successful reentry of former offenders.  It provides 
               the mobility necessary to comply with conditions of 
               parole and probation, and the ability to obtain 
               drivers licenses and car insurance.  Moreover, for 
               many individuals it plays a critical role in their 
               ability to secure employment and, thus, to support 
               themselves and their families.

               Vehicle Code Section 41500 already enables state 
               prisoners to reenter their communities with clear 
               driving records.  It is smart policy to extend this 
               provision to individuals who remain within the local 
               criminal justice system.

          WOULD ALLOWING DISMISSAL OF THESE VEHICLE CODE VIOLATIONS HELP 











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          EX-OFFENDERS AT THE COUNTY LEVEL TO SUCCEED IN EFFORTS AT 
          REHABILITATION?

          4.  Statement in Opposition  

          The California District Attorneys Association states:

               We are concerned that AB 877 will portend serious 
               personnel and fiscal implications for district 
               attorney offices.  The existing statute results in the 
               filing of numerous petitions, many of which are filed 
               by defendants who do not qualify for relief.  
               Analyzing each of these cases takes time and 
               resources.  By expanding the scope of existing law to 
               include persons who have served 90 days or longer in 
               jail in a 12-month period, AB 877 will greatly 
               increase the number of petitions seen by district 
               attorney offices.  This is especially problematic in 
               this time of rapidly shrinking law enforcement 
               resources.

               Our concern about workload is exacerbated by the 
               bill's violation of the principle that people should 
               be held accountable for their crimes.  Some vehicle 
               code violations can be quite serious and using other 
               criminality to erase offenses minimizes their 
               seriousness.  We understand your desire to promote 
               offenders' reintegration into society, but giving 
               criminals a "Get Out of Jail Free Card" for simply 
               spending enough time in jail encourages the shirking 
               of responsibilities and is counterintuitive.


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