BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                      



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          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                  AB 1010|
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                                 THIRD READING


          Bill No:  AB 1010
          Author:   Furutani (D)
          Amended:  5/19/11 in Assembly
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE PUBLIC SAFETY COMMITTEE  :  7-0, 6/28/11
          AYES:  Hancock, Anderson, Calderon, Harman, Liu, Price, 
            Steinberg

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  42-13, 5/26/11 - See last page for vote


           SUBJECT  :    Law enforcement:  communications

           SOURCE  :     Los Angeles City Attorneys Office


           DIGEST  :    This bill is to gives city attorneys prosecuting 
          misdemeanors the ability to record conversations.

           ANALYSIS  :    Existing law declares legislative intent to 
          protect the right of privacy of the People of California 
          and recognizes that law enforcement agencies have a 
          legitimate need to employ modern listening devices and 
          techniques in the investigation of criminal conduct.  
          (Penal Code Section 630.)

          Existing law prohibits wiretapping, eavesdropping, using 
          electronic devices to record or amplify a confidential 
          communication, and intercepting/recording cellular radio 
          telephone transmissions.  (Penal Code Sections 631, 632, 
          632.5, 632.6, and 632.7.)
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          Existing law exempts from the above provisions, the 
          Attorney General, any district attorney, specified peace 
          officers, and any person acting pursuant to the direction 
          of a law enforcement officer acting within the scope of 
          his/her authority from overhearing or recording any 
          communication that they could lawfully overhear or record 
          prior to the effective date of Penal Code section 633.  
          (Penal Code Section 633.)

          Existing law provides that with the consent of the district 
          attorney of the county, the city attorney of any general 
          law or chartered city within the county may prosecute any 
          misdemeanor committed within the city arising out of a 
          violation of state law.  (Government Code Section 
          41803.5(a).)

          Existing law provides that in any case in which the 
          district attorney is granted any powers or access to 
          information with regard to the prosecution of misdemeanors, 
          this grant of powers or access to information shall be 
          deemed to apply to any other officer charged with the duty 
          of prosecuting misdemeanor charges in California.  
          (Government Code Section 41803.5(b).)

          This bill provides that nothing in the laws prohibiting 
          eavesdropping prevents city attorneys prosecuting on behalf 
          of the people of the State of California under section 
          41803.5 of the Government Code or any person acting 
          pursuant to the direction of those city attorneys acting 
          within the scope of his/her authority, from overhearing or 
          recording any communication that they could lawfully 
          overhear or record.

           Background
           
           1996 Attorney General Opinion  .  In 1996, the San Diego City 
          Attorney requested an opinion from the Attorney General 
          whether the designation "district attorney," as used in 
          Penal Code section 633 with respect to the overhearing or 
          recording of conversations, included city attorneys who 
          prosecute misdemeanor cases.  The Attorney General 
          concluded that the relevant Penal Code provision does not 
          include city attorneys who prosecute misdemeanor cases.  

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          However, when prosecuting misdemeanor charges, such 
          attorneys have the same powers granted to district 
          attorneys to overhear or record conversations pursuant to 
          Government Code section 41803.5.  (�1996] 79 Op. Atty. Gen. 
          221.)

          Government Code section 41803.5(b) provides: "in any case 
          in which the district attorney is granted any powers or 
          access to information with regard to the prosecution of 
          misdemeanors, this grant of powers or access to information 
          shall be deemed to apply to any other officer charged with 
          the duty of prosecuting misdemeanor charges in California, 
          as authorized by law." The Attorney General opined that 
          because a designated city prosecutor may have extensive 
          prosecutorial duties similar to those of a district 
          attorney, the need to obtain information to facilitate 
          misdemeanor prosecutions is the same.  The clear intent of 
          the Legislature in enacting Government Code Section 41803.5 
          was to give city attorneys "the same powers and 
          informational access as district attorneys without the 
          necessity of changing each statutory grant of authority - 
          such as contained in Section 633."

           Prior Legislation
           
          AB 1884 (Spitzer), 2003-04 Session, which would have 
          allowed for the city attorneys to record conversations only 
          when they are investigating violations of laws that protect 
          consumers in their interactions in the marketplace for the 
          furnishing of goods and services.  This bill went to the 
          Governor and was vetoed.  The Governor's veto message 
          stated:

            I strongly support the need to provide law enforcement 
            with as many tools as necessary to adequately protect 
            the citizens of California.  The process in current law 
            ensures that if a prosecutor decides there is a need to 
            broach a person's privacy in an investigation, there is 
            a process in place which balances the need of the 
            investigation against a person's right to privacy.  If 
            an investigation is of sufficient importance as to 
            merit electronic eavesdropping, a city attorney may 
            seek the cooperation and assistance of those agencies 
            which presently have the authority to do so.

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            City attorneys who prosecute misdemeanor cases are a 
            vital component in the criminal justice system.  While 
            this bill would eliminate one extra step they currently 
            must go through to obtain permission to record and use 
            communications in an investigation, it is not a process 
            that should be streamlined.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  No   
          Local:  No

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  6/28/11)

          Los Angeles City Attorney's Office (source)
          Better Business Bureau
          California Consumer Affairs Association
          California District Attorneys Association
          League of California Cities
          Los Angeles County District Attorney
          San Diego City Attorney

           OPPOSITION  :    (Verified  6/28/11)

          American Civil Liberties Union
          California Attorneys for Criminal Justice
          California Public Defenders Association

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    The Los Angeles City Attorney 
          states, "Under the current law, prosecuting city attorneys 
          must first seek authority from the district attorney to 
          record public conversations in the courts of an 
          investigation.  This authorization can take days if not 
          weeks, through no fault of the district attorney's office.  
          The unnecessary delay can seriously hamper cases that rely 
          on timely investigations and, as a result, victims are 
          denied timely justice.  AB 1010 will eliminate the 
          unnecessary burden placed on district attorney offices to 
          authorize and supervise city attorneys that request 
          permission to record public conversations.

          "To be clear, this proposed change will not reverse an 
          earlier legislative policy decision to specifically exclude 
          city attorneys.  Rather, Penal Code Section 633 predates 
          the authorization given to California city attorneys to 

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          prosecute state misdemeanors.  The purpose of this bill, 
          therefore, is to bring Penal Code Section 633 up-to-date 
          with current law enforcement practices and to permit city 
          attorney prosecutors more efficient and effective use of an 
          investigative tool they already use on a regular basis."

          The San Diego City Attorney further states, "The Consumer & 
          Environmental Protection Unity of my office investigates 
          and prosecutes crimes against consumers and the 
          environment.  We are the agency responsible for 
          investigating crimes of false advertising and many theft 
          cases based upon consumer transactions.  I have two 
          investigators in this unit who routinely pose as consumers 
          and respond to advertisements about which we have received 
          complaints.  It is critically important in these cases to 
          capture exactly what is said in these conversations because 
          the words of the suspect are the criminal act.  If the 
          conversation is not recorded, then the judge or jury who 
          hears the case will hear from two witnesses reporting the 
          conversation differently.  Without a recording of the 
          conversation, it is extremely difficult to prove a false 
          advertising or theft by false pretense case beyond a 
          reasonable doubt."

           ARGUMENTS IN OPPOSITION  :    According to the American Civil 
          Liberties Union, "We do not believe the authority to engage 
          in eavesdropping should be extended.  Restrictions on the 
          use of eavesdropping apparatus were originally enacted to 
          ensure that such activities would be undertaken only in 
          absolutely justifiable situations and under strict control. 
           We have consistently opposed all previous efforts to 
          expand this authority.

          "If an investigation is of sufficient importance as to 
          merit electronic eavesdropping, these attorneys should seek 
          the cooperation and assistance of those agencies which 
          presently have the authority to do so.  Creating further 
          encouragement and incentive to engage in this practice is 
          inconsistent with the legitimate expectation of privacy 
          surrounding confidential communication."

          California Attorneys for Criminal Justice further argues, 
          "Current eavesdropping statutes authorize law enforcement 
          entities that have existing powers to either investigate 

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          and/or prosecute felony offenses.  These offices receive 
          specialized training on the highest level of crimes and 
          therefore possess a unique level of expertise.  A City 
          Attorney's office is not authorized to handle felony cases 
          and therefore is not required to undergo the same training 
          as the office of the Attorney General or county District 
          Attorney.

          "In recent years there have been multiple attempts to 
          enhance the authority of city attorney offices.  While we 
          respect the role of a City Attorney, it is not authorized 
          to handle felony cases and should be treated accordingly."


           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  : 
          AYES: Achadjian, Beall, Bill Berryhill, Block, Buchanan, 
            Chesbro, Conway, Cook, Dickinson, Donnelly, Eng, Feuer, 
            Fletcher, Fong, Furutani, Beth Gaines, Garrick, Gordon, 
            Grove, Hagman, Halderman, Hall, Harkey, Hayashi, Hill, 
            Huber, Huffman, Knight, Ma, Mendoza, Miller, Morrell, 
            Nestande, Olsen, Portantino, Silva, Smyth, Swanson, 
            Valadao, Wagner, Williams, John A. P�rez
          NOES: Allen, Ammiano, Charles Calderon, Fuentes, Galgiani, 
            Gatto, Jeffries, Logue, Mansoor, Nielsen, Norby, V. 
            Manuel P�rez, Yamada
          NO VOTE RECORDED: Alejo, Atkins, Blumenfield, Bonilla, 
            Bradford, Brownley, Butler, Campos, Carter, Cedillo, 
            Davis, Gorell, Roger Hern�ndez, Hueso, Jones, Lara, 
            Bonnie Lowenthal, Mitchell, Monning, Pan, Perea, Skinner, 
            Solorio, Torres, Wieckowski


          RJG:do  6/29/11   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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