BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                      



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          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                  AB 1411|
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                                 THIRD READING


          Bill No:  AB 1411
          Author:   V. Manuel Pérez (D), et al.
          Amended:  8/21/12 in Senate
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE TRANSPORTATION & HOUSING COMM.  :  9-0, 7/5/11
          AYES:  DeSaulnier, Gaines, Harman, Huff, Kehoe, Lowenthal, 
            Pavley, Rubio, Simitian

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  7-0, 8/6/12
          AYES:  Kehoe, Walters, Alquist, Dutton, Lieu, Price, 
            Steinberg

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  Not relevant


           SUBJECT  :    Economic development:  enterprise zones

           SOURCE  :     Author


           DIGEST  :    This bill makes various changes to the zone 
          selection and administrative provisions of the enterprise 
          zone program.

           ANALYSIS  :    Under existing law, the Department of Housing 
          and Community Development (HCD) can designate up to 42 
          enterprise zones.  Each designation lasts for 15 years.  
          Within an enterprise zone, cities and counties can relax 
          regulatory controls such as permits and development fees, 
          provide tax incentives, expand infrastructure, and target 
          federal grants for education, health and welfare, economic 
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          development, vocational education, transportation, and 
          housing.  The state provides a number of tax credits and 
          deductions for businesses in the zone, including credits 
          for sales and use tax paid on manufacturing equipment 
          purchased, hiring credits for qualified employees, 100% net 
          operating loss carryover for losses associated with 
          operations within the enterprise zone, deduction of 
          interest earned by lenders who loan money to enterprise 
          zone businesses, and election to expense rather than 
          amortize equipment used within the enterprise zone.  In 
          order to claim a hiring credit, a business must obtain a 
          voucher from the enterprise zone.

          To be eligible for designation, a proposed enterprise zone 
          area must meet either of the following:

          1.Fulfill at least one of the following criteria:

                 Meet the criteria for the now-defunct Urban 
               Development Action Grant (UDAG) program of the United 
               States Department of Housing and Urban Development.

                 Meet criteria of economic distress related to those 
               used in determining eligibility under the UDAG 
               program.

                 Have experienced plant closures within the past two 
               years affecting more than 100 workers.

                 Have a history of gang-related activity, whether or 
               not crimes of violence have been committed.

          1.Fulfill at least two of the following criteria:

                 Have an unemployment rate not less than three 
               percentage points above the statewide average.

                 Be in a county where more than 70 percent of the 
               children participate in the federal free lunch 
               program.

                 Be a low-income area.

          HCD selects enterprise zones through a competitive process 

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          based on the appropriateness of the applicant's proposed 
          economic development strategy and implementation plan.  HCD 
          awards bonus points to proposed zones that meet at least 
          two of the following criteria:

                 Have at least 17.5 percent of households below the 
               poverty level.

                 Have an average unemployment rate that is not less 
               than five percentage points above the statewide 
               average.

                 Have a unique distress factor affecting long-term 
               economic development, such as resource depletion, 
               plant closure, industry recession, natural disaster, 
               or military base closure.

          After receiving a designation, an enterprise zone 
          biennially must report to HCD on the zone's progress 
          relative to its goals, objectives, and commitments set 
          forth in its memorandum of understanding with HCD.  In 
          addition, HCD may audit a zone at any time and must audit 
          each zone at least once every five years.  If a zone 
          receives a failing grade, it must enter into a written 
          agreement to remedy the deficiencies.  Ultimately, if a 
          zone fails to remedy the deficiencies, HCD must 
          de-designate the zone.

          HCD is required to report to the Legislature every five 
          years evaluating the effect of the program on employment, 
          investment, incomes, and state and local tax revenues in 
          enterprise zones.  The report must also review the progress 
          and effectiveness of each zone.  

          This bill:

            1.  Revises eligibility criteria for proposed zones to 
              require the zone to be located solely in low-income 
              census tracts and meet specified criteria.

            2.  Allows an applicant's economic development strategy 
              and implementation plan to identify specified local 
              resources that will be used to implement the plan and 
              explain how these resources will leverage available 

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              state resources.

            3.  Limits the size of proposed zones that are within the 
              boundaries of one or more previously designated zones 
              to nor more than 15% larger than the previous zone.

            4.  Requires HCD to post specified information on 
              administrative memoranda, and enterprise zone and 
              targeted employment area boundaries, on its website.

            5.  Revises the information that geographically targeted 
              economic development areas (G-TEDAs) report biennially 
              to HCD.

            6.  Requires HCD to review biennial progress reports to 
              determine whether an audit is warranted and require HCD 
              to audit a G-TEDA that fails to submit timely reports.

            7.  Requires HCD to provide technical assistance and 
              training during the audit process to help G-TEDAs 
              address identified deficiencies. 

            8.  Revises the criteria HCD uses to judge whether a 
              G-TEDA audit determination is superior, passing, or 
              failing.

            9.  Requires state entities to consider how G-TEDA 
              programs could be integrated to maximize benefits to 
              workers and businesses when developing specified 
              workforce development and training plans and 
              strategies.

            10. Increases the fee HCD is allowed to charge on each 
              enterprise zone, local agency military base recovery 
              area, and manufacturing enhancement area from $15 to an 
              amount not to exceed $20.  If the fee is more than what 
              HCD charges as of January 1, 2013, this bill requires 
              HCD to adopt the fee increase by regulation.

            11. Requires local education entities that administer 
              student work permits to consider how hiring credits 
              could be used to benefit lower-income applicants for 
              permits.


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            12. Revises FTB's annual reporting requirement to include 
              additional information on G-TEDA tax credits and other 
              incentives, to the extent available, and require FTB to 
              review both personal income tax and corporate tax 
              returns when collecting information.

            13. Revises, adds, and deletes other criteria, and 
              reconstitute some existing provisions.

           Comments
           
          According to the author's office, one of the most important 
          things state government can do during difficult economic 
          times is to help keep people employed.  When Californians 
          have jobs, local and state governments have the necessary 
          resources to fund local priorities such as education, 
          public safety, and community services.  At the same time, 
          it is essential that scarce state resources are put to good 
          use for economic recovery.  The enterprise zone program is 
          an economic development program that encourages businesses, 
          through tax and other incentives, to locate and create jobs 
          in targeted, economically distressed communities.  
          Beginning in 2009, the Assembly Jobs, Economic Development, 
          and the Economy Committee initiated a series of oversight 
          hearings on the enterprise zone program to ensure that it 
          has been meeting its economic development goals.  The 
          reforms in this bill are based on this examination, which 
          spanned two years of oversight hearings, working group 
          meetings, stakeholder engagement, and a comparative review 
          of other states' programs.  While more comprehensive 
          reforms have been proposed this session in AB 231 (V.M. 
          Pérez), this bill advances only those recommendations that 
          relate to increased accountability and program 
          transparency.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes   
          Local:  No

          According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:

           Minor costs to HCD to revise and update regulations to 
            reflect changes to audit provisions and zone eligibility 
            and selection criteria.


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           HCD administrative costs of up to $275,000 (Enterprise 
            Zone Fund) related to expanded auditing activities and 
            providing additional technical assistance and training.  
            These costs may not be fully covered by voucher fees paid 
            by G-TEDAs.

           Franchise Tax Board (FTB) administrative costs of up to 
            $133,000 in 2012-13, with ongoing costs of $128,000 
            (General Fund) related to expanded reporting 
            requirements, assuming FTB is expected to provide G-TEDA 
            tax credit and incentive data on personal income tax 
            returns as it currently provides on corporate tax filers.

           Potential increase in General Fund costs, to the extent 
            that the requirement that EDD provide voucher eligibility 
            certification to specified persons results in an increase 
            in the number of hiring credit vouchers.  Each voucher 
            costs the General Fund an average of $37,000 in General 
            Fund losses.

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  8/20/12)

          California Association of Enterprise Zones
          SS Marine, Inc.


          JJA:n  8/21/12   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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