BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 1432
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          CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS
          AB 1432 (Mitchell)
          As Amended  August 20, 2012
          Majority vote
           
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          |ASSEMBLY:  |67-3 |(January 26,    |SENATE: |37-1 |(August 22,    |
          |           |     |2012)           |        |     |2012)          |
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           Original Committee Reference:    PUB. S.  

           SUMMARY  :  Requires a parent or guardian to report to law 
          enforcement the disappearance or death of a child under the age 
          of 14 within a specified period of time.  

           The Senate amendments  :
           
           1)Specify that any parent or guardian having the care, custody, 
            or control of a child under 14 years of age who knows or 
            should have known that the child has died shall notify a 
            public safety agency, as specified, within 24 hours of the 
            time that the parent or guardian knew or should have known 
            that the child has died.  This provision does not apply if a 
            child is otherwise under the immediate care of a physician at 
            the time of death, or if a public safety agency, a coroner, or 
            a medical examiner is otherwise aware of the death.

          2)Specify that any parent or guardian having the care, custody, 
            or control of a child under 14 years of age shall notify law 
            enforcement within 24 hours of the time the parent or guardian 
            knows or should have known that the child is a missing person 
            and there is evidence that the child is a person at risk, as 
            specified.  This provision does not apply if law enforcement 
            is otherwise aware that the child is a missing person.

          3)State that violation of this section is a misdemeanor 
            punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more 
            than one year, by a fine not exceeding $1,000, or by both that 
            fine and imprisonment. 

          4)Remove the urgency clause. 
           
          EXISTING LAW  :









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          1)States that the desertion of a child in any place with the 
            intent to abandon the child is prohibited and is punishable by 
            imprisonment for up to one year, a fine of $1,000, or by both 
            that fine and imprisonment.  

          2)States that any person who, under circumstances or conditions 
            likely to produce great bodily harm or death, willfully causes 
            or permits any child to suffer, or inflict thereupon 
            unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering, or having the 
            care or custody of any child, willfully causes or permits the 
            person or health of that child to be injured, or willfully 
            causes or permits that child to be placed in a situation where 
            his or her person or health is endangered, shall be punished 
            by imprisonment in jail not exceeding one year, or in the 
            state prison for two, four or six years.  

          3)States that any person who, under circumstances or conditions 
            other than those likely to produce great bodily harm or death, 
            willfully causes or permits any child to suffer, or inflicts 
            thereupon unjustifiable physical pain or mental suffering, or 
            having the care or custody of any child, willfully causes or 
            permits the person or health of that child to be injured, or 
            willfully causes or permits that child to be placed in a 
            situation where his or her person or health is endangered, is 
            guilty of a misdemeanor.  

          4)States that any person having the care or custody of a child 
            who is under eight years of age, who assaults the child by 
            means of force that a reasonable person would be likely to 
            produce great bodily injury, resulting in the child's death, 
            shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for 25 
            years to life.  

          5)States that every person who, having knowledge of an 
            accidental death, actively conceals or attempts to conceal 
            that death, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by 
            imprisonment in a county jail for up to one year, a fine not 
            less than $1,000 or more than $10,000, or by both that fine 
            and imprisonment.  "Actively conceal and accidental death" 
            includes:

             a)   Performing an overt act that conceals the body or 
               directly impedes the ability of authorities or family 
               members to discover the body;









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             b)   Directly destroying or suppressing evidence of the 
               actual physical body of the deceased, including but not 
               limited to, bodily fluids or tissues; or, 

             c)   Destroying or suppressing the actual physical 
               instrumentality of death.  

           AS PASSED BY THE ASSEMBLY  , this bill required a parent or 
          guardian to report to law enforcement the disappearance or death 
          of a child under the age of 14 within a specified period of 
          time.  Specifically,  this bill  :  
           
           1)Stated that any parent or guardian having the care, custody, 
            and control of a child under 14 years of age who knowingly 
            fails to notify law enforcement within 24 hours of the death 
            of the child if the child died under circumstances that would 
            lead a reasonable person to believe that the death occurred as 
            a result of a crime, or the disappearance of the child if the 
            circumstances of the child's disappearance would lead a 
            reasonable person to believe the child was in danger of 
            physical harm, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by 
            imprisonment in county jail for up to one year, a fine not to 
            exceed $2,000, or both that fine and imprisonment.

          2)Stated that any parent or guardian having the care, custody, 
            and control of a child under 14 years of age who knowingly 
            fails to notify law enforcement within 24 hours of the 
            disappearance of the child shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, 
            punishable by imprisonment in county jail for up to six 
            months, a fine not to exceed $1,000, or both that fine and 
            imprisonment.

          3)Stated that nothing shall prevent an individual from being 
            prosecuted under another section.

          4)Stated that this law shall be known as "Caylee's Law."




           FISCAL EFFECT :  According to the Senate Appropriations 
          Committee:

          1)Ongoing minor court costs for new misdemeanor filings, likely 
            less than $12,000 (General Fund) for 25 additional misdemeanor 








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            filings per year.

          2)Potential non-reimbursable local enforcement and incarceration 
            costs, offset to a degree by fine revenue.

          3)While the impact of this bill independently is likely to be 
            minor, the cumulative effect of all new misdemeanors could 
            create General Fund cost pressure on capital outlay, staffing, 
            programming, the courts, and other resources in the context of 
            recently enacted 2011 Public Safety Realignment.

           COMMENTS  :  According to the author, "AB 1432 originally made it 
          a felony violation to not report the disappearance of a child, 
          aged 14 years or younger, to law enforcement authorities with 24 
          hours if the parent or guardian has any reason to believe the 
          child may be in danger.  Further, it made it a felony violation 
          to fail to report to law enforcement the death of a child within 
          24 hours.

          "Amendments taken in this committee allow for tiered misdemeanor 
          violations.  If the child is feared to be in danger of physical 
          harm, the adult shall be found guilty of a misdemeanor, 
          punishable by imprisonment in county jail for up to one year, a 
          maximum fine of $2,000 or both.  If the child has disappeared 
          under circumstances other than the fear of physical harm, the 
          adult shall be found guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by 
          imprisonment in county jail for up to six months, a maximum fine 
          of $1,000 or both.

          "Law enforcement has known for years that the first 48 hours of 
          a person's disappearance are critical to the chances of finding 
          that child alive and successfully prosecuting any related 
          criminal behavior.  Recent developments make it clear that we 
          don't have the luxury of leaving the protection of children to 
          others, or ignoring well-founded suspicions."

          Please see the policy committee analysis for a full discussion 
          of this bill.
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :    Milena Blake / PUB. S. / (916) 319-3744 



          FN: 0005258 








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