BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                            SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                                Alan Lowenthal, Chair
                              2011-2012 Regular Session
                                          

             BILL NO:       AB 2164
             AUTHOR:        Dickinson
             AMENDED:       May 31, 2012
             FISCAL COMM:   Yes            HEARING DATE:  June 13, 2012
             URGENCY:       No             CONSULTANT:Kathleen Chavira

              SUBJECT  :  Community College Facilities.
             
              SUMMARY  

             This bill, until 2018 and subject to specified conditions, 
             authorizes a community college district to be reimbursed 
             for amounts incurred for a capital outlay project if a 
             state general obligation bond is approved on or before 
             December 31, 2016.

              BACKGROUND  

             Current law prohibits the expenditure of funds 
             appropriated for capital outlay by any state agency, 
             including the University of California (UC), California 
             State University (CSU), and the California Community 
             colleges (CCC), until the Department of Finance (DOF) and 
             the State Public Works Board have approved preliminary 
             plans for the project to be funded from a capital outlay 
             appropriation. (Government Code � 13332.11)

              ANALYSIS
              
              This bill  :

             1)   Authorizes the reimbursement of amounts incurred by a 
                  community college district for capital outlay 
                  projects through the expenditure of local funds 
                  before funds are available from voter approved 
                  general obligation bond, if the project has:

                  a)        Been granted final project approval by the 
                  Board of Governors. 

                       b)             Received approval of preliminary 




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                       plans for the project by the DOF and the State 
                       Public Works Board.

                       c)             Received an appropriation for the 
                       project by the Legislature in the Annual Budget 
                       Act or related legislation.

             2)   Provides that the amount of reimbursement is subject 
                  to the Legislature's determination of the appropriate 
                  scope and cost of the project. 

             3)   Establishes the following requirements in order to 
                  apply to receive reimbursement:

                       a)             Prior to incurring amounts, the 
                       community college district must demonstrate to 
                       the Community College Chancellor's Office that 
                       sufficient local funds are available to fully 
                       pay for the project without reimbursement and 
                       without causing fiscal hardship to the district.

                       b)             A community college district must 
                       comply with all state and federal laws, 
                       including labor compliance program requirements, 
                       governing the use of state bond funds for 
                       facility construction projects.

                       c)             Expenditures made by a community 
                       college district must be eligible for 
                       reimbursement in accordance with applicable 
                       state and federal laws and procedures.

                       d)             Reimbursement of amounts only 
                       occurs pursuant to a state general obligation 
                       bond being approved by voters on or before 
                       December 31, 2016.

             4)   Sunsets these provisions on January 1, 2018.

              STAFF COMMENTS  

              1)   Intent of the bill  . According to the author's office, 
                  because the state has not passed a statewide 
                  education facilities bond since 2006, over 80 
                  community college facilities projects have been 
                  placed "on hold" pending a future bond authorization. 




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                  Colleges that could utilize other locally generated 
                  funds to start these projects are reluctant to do so 
                  without some assurance that the state will ultimately 
                  reimburse them for these expenditures from future 
                  bond authorizations.  

                  This bill is intended to commit bond funds which  may  
                  be authorized in the future to reimburse community 
                  college district facility projects currently being 
                  constructed.  In essence, this bill commits bond 
                  funds to specific projects before any bonds have been 
                  authorized, and provides that any new bonds issued 
                  will fund projects already completed. There is 
                  currently no active legislation to place a higher 
                  education facilities bond before voters and it is 
                  unclear when, and if, that will occur.  This bill 
                  establishes the authority for reimbursement for CCC 
                  projects until 2018.

              2)   Past practice -- Who's next  ? In the past, the 
                  Legislature has granted the CCC only limited 
                  authority to expend money in the absence of bond 
                  authority. In August 1998-99 the Legislature 
                  appropriated funds for CCC projects which were 
                  ultimately authorized by voters in the November 1998 
                  bond election. In September 2002, the Legislature 
                  appropriated funds for projects in anticipation of 
                  the passage of Proposition 47 in November 2002.  
                  Finally, the 2006-07 Budget Act provided for the 
                  appropriation of funds for CCC projects in 
                  anticipation of the passage of Proposition 1D in 
                  November 2006. This bill extends this authority for 
                  up to five years, with no assurance that a bond 
                  proposal will be placed before voters in an upcoming 
                  election or that it will include funding for 
                  community college construction projects. 

                  If this bill were enacted, would/should the UC and 
                  CSU also be "promised" reimbursement for their 
                  facility projects? What other state infrastructure 
                  projects will request that they be able to "lock-in" 
                  as yet unauthorized bond funds? How would this affect 
                  K-12 school district deliberations? What kind of 
                  fiscal pressure would be brought to bear on the 
                  state?





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              3)   Similar issues in K-12  ? In order to receive state 
                  bond funds, K-12 facility projects must be reviewed, 
                  approved, and have funds apportioned by the State 
                  Allocation Board (SAB), a role similar to that of the 
                  Legislature in regards to CCC projects. The SAB, 
                  citing its statutory authority to implement and 
                  allocate voter-approved school construction bonds, 
                  has, via regulation, periodically created an 
                  "unfunded list" of projects. Generally, the unfunded 
                  list has been used to provide school districts with 
                  some assurance of their eligibility for funding from 
                  bonds authorized, but not yet sold. 

                  Staff notes the following:

                  a)        All projects must go through the SAB review 
                       and approval process before being placed on the 
                       unfunded list.

                  b)        Each district is advised that placement on 
                       the unfunded list only reserves a place in line, 
                       and is not a guarantee of future funding.

                  c)        Generally, unfunded lists have not been 
                       established for any extended period in the 
                       absence of bond authority. Unfunded lists have 
                       been established for only short periods of time 
                       with the knowledge that a bond initiative was 
                       going before voters in the next upcoming 
                       election. This accommodation has also typically 
                       been made for the CCC (see staff comment #3).

                  d)        As bonds authorized for K-12 construction 
                       are nearing exhaustion, the SAB is currently 
                       considering whether (in the absence of any 
                       legislative proposal to authorize future bonds 
                       or that outlines any new requirements for the 
                       use of funds under the School Facility Program) 
                       creating such a list is prudent, and whether any 
                       commitment of funding should accompany placement 
                       on any unfunded list that may be created. 

                  It's unclear whether K-12 districts will be granted 
                  similar authority to "lock-in" funds from future 
                  bonds and how far that authority will extend. 





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              4)   LAO Infrastructure report  . In its August 2011 report, 
                  A Ten-Year Perspective: California Infrastructure 
                  Spending, the LAO notes that the state currently has 
                  about $46 billion in infrastructure bonds that have 
                  been approved but not yet sold, and that the 
                  percentage of state general fund revenues for debt 
                  service payments for bonds already sold is currently 
                  at about 6 percent and growing (after over 30 years 
                  of being under 5 percent).  According to the LAO, the 
                  largest single issue for the Legislature to determine 
                  is the level of state spending to dedicate to the 
                  state's infrastructure investment versus program 
                  spending, a trade-off which has become more 
                  challenging due to the state's constrained fiscal 
                  position.  The LAO also notes, given other pressures 
                  on the state budget, that the state will not have the 
                  resources to sustain the level of higher education 
                  infrastructure spending previously realized or 
                  demanded by the segments' forecast in their five-year 
                  capital outlay plans.  

                  Generally, the LAO suggests that the Legislature 
                  evaluate which programs should be a state 
                  responsibility, and which should be shifted to 
                  require a greater share of cost to local governments, 
                  private sector, or other beneficiaries.  With regards 
                  to higher education, the LAO additionally recommended 
                  that policies should place a greater emphasis on 
                  distance education and improved use of existing 
                  facilities. 

              5)   Binding a future legislature  ? This bill would extend 
                  the authority for reimbursement for projects 
                  completed prior to any state general obligation bond 
                  authorization until January 1, 2018. Should this 
                  Committee support a policy which binds or pressures a 
                  future Legislature to authorize bonds for funding 
                  purposes that may not reflect that body's priorities 
                  or recognize the fiscal condition of the state at 
                  that time? If it is the desire of the Committee to 
                  extend some authority for reimbursement, how far into 
                  the future should state bonds for this purpose be 
                  committed?  

                  In light of these concerns and those outlined in 
                  staff comments 3, 4, and 5, staff recommends the bill 




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                  be amended to make its provisions contingent on the 
                  approval of a state general obligation bond by voters 
                  on or before December 31, 2014, and to sunset these 
                  provisions on January 1, 2016.

              6)   How many projects  ? According to the CCC Chancellor's 
                  office there are currently 88 facility projects 
                  anticipating state general obligation bond funds, 
                  totaling approximately $447 million in project costs. 
                  Staff notes that Proposition 1D, the last voter 
                  authorized Education Facilities Bond in 2006, 
                  provided $1.5 billion in general obligation bonds for 
                  community college facility projects. 

              7)   Equity/Disparity  .  It is unclear how the provisions 
                  of this bill would be implemented by the CCC.  Under 
                  the current process, the CCC Facilities Planning Unit 
                  utilizes a scoring/prioritization methodology that 
                  considers the nature of the project, the age of the 
                  facility, enrollment capacity, cost, project scope 
                  and local contribution.  It appears that the 
                  provisions of this bill could result in the 
                  overriding determination of priority being access to 
                  alternative local financing mechanisms, potentially 
                  resulting in districts that have the local resources 
                  to fund their projects being "moved to the front of 
                  the line" for state bond funds.  Regardless of the 
                  priority that the Legislature might assign to a 
                  project, districts without the capacity to access 
                  interim financing could be left to compete for 
                  whatever bond funding might remain after districts 
                  with greater resources had been reimbursed. Should a 
                  district's priority for scarce state bond funds be 
                  determined by whether or not local resources are 
                  readily available? 

                  In the K-12 program, apportionment of bond funds are 
                  generally granted based on the receipt and approval 
                  dates of completed funding applications, or on a 
                  first in, first out basis, and approved projects have 
                  up to 18 months to request release of the State 
                  funds.  In May 2010, the SAB took the unprecedented 
                  step of approving accelerated funding rules in order 
                  to prioritize "shovel-ready" projects. To qualify for 
                  priority funding, participating school districts 
                  certified that within 90 days of receiving an 




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                  apportionment, they would have local matching funds, 
                  usually 50 percent of the total project cost, in 
                  hand, and at least half of their construction 
                  contracts in place. School districts in financial 
                  hardship (where the State provides up to 100 percent 
                  of funding) were also able to compete for the 
                  priority-ordered funding to purchase sites or begin 
                  design work. 

                  If the committee were to advance a proposal to commit 
                  future bond funding, how should such a proposal be 
                  structured to ensure that it does not create an 
                  inadvertent inequity/disparity in district's access 
                  to limited state bond funds?

              8)   Incentive for risky financing  ? In an attempt to 
                  ensure access to state bond funds, districts without 
                  sufficient local bond funds or capital funds to 
                  subsidize their projects on an interim basis will 
                  likely consider alternative funding mechanisms. 
                  Should this committee implement a policy that might 
                  encourage districts to undertake greater risk or pay 
                  higher borrowing costs in order to access state bond 
                  funds?  If a bond measure is not authorized, how will 
                  the fiscal obligations undertaken by these districts 
                  be met? Staff notes that this bill was recently 
                  amended to require that the district demonstrate to 
                  the Chancellor's Office that sufficient local funds 
                  are available to pay for a project without 
                  reimbursement and without causing fiscal hardship to 
                  the district.  

                  Staff recommends the bill be further amended on page 
                  3, line 31 to require the Chancellor's Office to 
                  notify applicant districts that the provisions of the 
                  bill do not guarantee funding for the project and 
                  that participating districts assume any associated 
                  financial risk should state general obligation bond 
                  funds be unavailable, pursuant to the bill's 
                  provisions. 
              9)   Related legislation  .  There is currently no active 
                  legislation authorizing the submission of a general 
                  obligation bond proposal for K-16 facilities 
                  construction to voters. However, the following 
                  measures were introduced in the first half of this 
                  legislative session:




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                  AB 822 (Block) established the 
                  Kindergarten-University Public Education Facilities 
                  Bond Act of 2012 (Act) and authorized an unspecified 
                  dollar amount of public higher education facility 
                  general obligation (GO) bonds to be submitted to the 
                  voters at the November 2012 election. AB 822 was 
                  heard and passed by the Assembly Higher Education 
                  Committee in January 2012 by a vote of 6-2 but was 
                  never heard in the Assembly Appropriations Committee 
                  and died in the Assembly in February 2012.

                  AB 331 (Brownley) expresses the intent of the 
                  Legislature to enact legislation that would create a 
                  Kindergarten-University Public Education Facilities 
                  Bond Act and makes changes to the School Facility 
                  Program (SFP). AB 331 was heard and passed by the 
                  Assembly Education Committee in January 2012 by a 
                  vote of 7-3, but was never heard in the Assembly 
                  Appropriations Committee and died in the Assembly in 
                  February 2012.

              SUPPORT  

             Community College Chancellor's Office
             Community College League
             Construction Employers' Association

              OPPOSITION

              None received.