BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                      



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          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                   SB 393|
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                                 THIRD READING


          Bill No:  SB 393
          Author:   Hernandez (D)
          Amended:  5/31/11
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE HEALTH COMMITTEE  :  9-0, 5/4/11
          AYES:  Hernandez, Strickland, Alquist, Anderson, Blakeslee, 
            De Le�n, DeSaulnier, Rubio, Wolk

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  6-2, 5/26/11
          AYES:  Kehoe, Alquist, Lieu, Pavley, Price, Steinberg
          NOES:  Walters, Runner
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Emmerson


           SUBJECT  :    Medical homes

           SOURCE  :     American Academy of Pediatrics 
                      California Academy of Family Physicians 
                      California Academy of Physician Assistants 
                      California Association for Nurse Practitioners 
                      California Primary Care Association 
                      California Psychiatric Association 
                      Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons of 
          California


           DIGEST  :    This bill establishes the Patient-Centered 
          Medical Home Act of 2011 to encourage licensed health care 
          providers and patients to partner in a patient-centered 
          medical home, as defined, promoting access to high-quality, 
          comprehensive care, in accordance with prescribed 
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          requirements, and conforming with federal law. 

           ANALYSIS  :    

          Existing federal law:

          1. Defines, under the Patient Protection and Affordable 
             Care Act (PPACA) (Public Law 111-148), as amended by the 
             Health Care Education and Reconciliation Act of 2010 
             (Public Law 111-152), patient-centered medical homes and 
             authorizes tests of innovative Medicaid and Medicare 
             service delivery models in federal fiscal years 2010 to 
             2019, "to reduce program expenditures while preserving 
             or enhancing patient quality of care." Innovative models 
             include patient-centered medical homes for high-need 
             patients and medical homes that address women's unique 
             health care needs. 

          2. Makes grants available to states to establish 
             community-based interdisciplinary teams to support 
             medical homes and help primary care providers implement 
             them in federal fiscal years 2011 and 2012.

          Existing state law:

          1. Defines a "medical home" as a "single provider or 
             facility that maintains all of an individual's medical 
             information" for the purposes of the Health Care 
             Coverage Initiative, a Medi-Cal demonstration project 
             which provides funding for programs to expand health 
             care coverage to low income, uninsured residents in 
             selected counties. 

          2. Provides for the licensure and regulation of clinics and 
             health facilities by the Department of Public Health.

          3. Provides for the registration, certification, and 
             licensure of various health care professionals and sets 
             forth the scope of practice for these professionals. 

          This bill:

          1. Establishes the Patient-Centered Medical Home Act of 
             2011.  

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          2. Defines "medical home," "patient-centered medical home," 
             "advanced primary home" and "primary care home" to mean 
             a health care delivery model, as defined by federal 
             laws. 

          3. Requires a medical home model meet a variety of 
             criteria, including: 

             A.    Individual patients have an ongoing relationship 
                with a physician or other licensed health care 
                provider acting within his or her scope of practice;

             B.    A team of individuals at the practice level 
                collectively takes responsibility for the ongoing 
                health care of patients;

             C.    Care is coordinated and integrated across all 
                elements of the health care system, including mental 
                health and substance use disorder care, and the 
                patient's community. 

             D.    Care is facilitated, if available, by registries, 
                health information exchanges, and other means to 
                ensure that patients receive the indicated care when 
                and where they need and want the care in a culturally 
                and linguistically appropriate manner; and, 

             E.    Quality and safety components are in place which 
                ensure the following: 

                (1)      The medical home advocates for its patients;

                (2)      Evidence-based medicine and clinical 
                   decision support tools guide decision-making;

                (3)      Licensed health care providers in the 
                   medical practice who accept accountability for 
                   continuous quality improvement through voluntary 
                   engagement in performance measurement and 
                   improvement; 

                (4)      Patients actively participate in 
                   decision-making and feedback is sought to ensure 

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                   that the patients' expectations are being met; 

                (5)      Information technology is utilized 
                   appropriately;

                (6)      The medical home participates in a voluntary 
                   recognition process conducted by an appropriate 
                   nongovernmental entity to demonstrate that the 
                   practice has the capabilities to provide 
                   patient-centered services consistent with the 
                   medical home model; 

                (7)      Patients and families participate in quality 
                   improvement activities at the practice level; and,

                (8)      Enhanced access to health care is available 
                   through systems such as open scheduling, expanded 
                   hours, and new options for communication between 
                   the patient, the patient's personal provider, and 
                   practice staff.

          4. Provides that the bill does not: 

             A.    Permit a medical home to engage in or otherwise 
                aid and abet in the unlicensed practice of medicine, 
                either directly or indirectly.

             B.    Change the scope of practice of physicians and 
                surgeons, nurse practitioners, or other health care 
                providers.

             C.    Affect the ability of a nurse to operate under 
                standard procedures pursuant to Section 2725 of the 
                Business and Professions Code.

             D.    Apply to activities of managed care plans, or 
                their contracting providers, or county alternative 
                models of care, or their contracting providers, or 
                local Coverage Expansion and Enrollment Demonstration 
                projects, if those activities are part of established 
                demonstration projects, as specified.

             E.    Prevent or limit participation in activities 
                authorized by Sections 2703, 3024, and 3502 of the 

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                federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 
                (Public Law 111-148), as amended by the federal 
                Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 
                (Public Law 111-152), if the participation is 
                consistent with state law pertaining to scope of 
                practice. 

          5. Declares legislative intent to encourage licensed health 
             care providers and patients to partner in 
             patient-centered medical homes, and to adhere to quality 
             standards that will reduce disparities in health care 
             access, delivery, and health care outcomes, and improve 
             the quality of health care and lower health care costs.

           Background  

           Medical homes  .  According to a 2010 brief entitled "Health 
          Cost Containment and Efficiencies," published by the 
          National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL), the 
          medical home model is designed to address several 
          shortcomings in the current health care system, especially 
          uncoordinated care.  Poor care coordination is associated 
          with duplicate procedures, conflicting treatment 
          recommendations, unnecessary hospitalizations and nursing 
          home placements, and adverse drug reactions.  In addition 
          to uncoordinated care, medical homes are designed to 
          address lack of patient access to a primary care doctor, 
          inadequate physician payment for primary care services, use 
          of more expensive services when less expensive care would 
          be as effective, and poor care management for patients with 
          chronic conditions.  
          
          Research has shown that primary care makes significant 
          contributions to health.  Primary care reduces deaths from 
          heart and lung disease, leads to longer lives, reduces 
          hospital and emergency room use, and reduces health 
          disparities.  Researchers have linked the United States' 
          low scores on primary care to higher costs and poorer 
          health outcomes relative to other developed nations.  In 
          addition, according to the Department of Public Health, 
          states find that a reliable medical home can magnify the 
          effect of disease management programs. 

          According to a 2007 Commonwealth Fund report, "Closing the 

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          Divide: How Medical Homes Promote Equity in Health Care," 
          when adults have health insurance coverage and a medical 
          home, racial and ethnic disparities in access and quality 
          tend to disappear.  The analysis, based on a Commonwealth 
          Fund survey of more than 2,830 adults nationwide, reveals 
          that linking minority patients to a medical home can help 
          them better manage chronic conditions and obtain critical 
          preventive care. 

          In a 2008 report to the United States Congress, the federal 
          Medicare Payment Advisory Commission recommended that 
          Congress establish a budget-neutral payment increase for 
          primary care services furnished by primary-care-focused 
          practitioners (defined as those whose specialty designation 
          is defined as primary care or whose pattern of claims meets 
          a minimum threshold of furnishing primary care services).  
          The Commission also recommended that Congress initiate a 
          Medicare medical home pilot project, with stringent 
          specified criteria and a physician pay-for-performance 
          program. 
          
           Medical home model in other states  .  NCSL reports that, as 
          of July 2010, at least 29 states had enacted medical home 
          legislation and 22 had one or more public, private or 
          public-private medical home pilot programs. 
          Many states have adopted medical home legislation and 
          programs, mostly for Medicaid and Children's Health 
          Insurance Program (CHIP) enrollees.  Some states, such as 
          Iowa, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Vermont, also allow or 
          encourage private sector participation. Community Care of 
          North Carolina, the state's Medicaid program, is a working 
          example of a patient centered medical home.  The goals of 
          the program are to improve the care of the Medicaid 
          population, control costs, develop community-based networks 
          to manage care of populations in partnership with the 
          state, and fully develop the medical home model.  The 
          program has demonstrated excellent quality and cost 
          outcomes through disease management, evidence-based 
          clinical practice, and an emphasis on a physician-led team 
          approach.  Two evaluations of this program indicate it 
          saved the State of North Carolina $195 to $215 million in 
          2003 and between $230 and $260 million in 2004 when 
          compared to historical fee-for-service. 


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          In the private sector, IBM also implemented a 
          "patient-centric medical home" which is similar to the 
          medical home defined in this bill.  According to the 
          company, as a result, its injury and illness rates are 
          lower than the rest of the industry.  IBM employees also 
          had nine to twenty-five percent fewer emergency room visits 
          and a sixteen percent reduction in medical and 
          pharmaceutical costs.  These savings also led to lower 
          premiums and $100 million savings annually, including 
          through increased productivity.   

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  No   
          Local:  No

          According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:

                          Fiscal Impact (in thousands)

           Major Provisions        2011-12    2012-13     2013-14       Fund  

          Potential increased costs to             cost pressure 
          likely in the millions of      General/
          Medi-Cal, Healthy Families     dollars commencing January 
          1, 2012               Federal/
          CalPERS, and other public-                           
          Special
          funded health care coverage

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  5/27/11)

          American Academy of Pediatrics (co-source)
          California Academy of Family Physicians (co-source)
          California Academy of Physician Assistants (co-source)
          California Association for Nurse Practitioners (co-source)
          California Primary Care Association (co-source)
          California Psychiatric Association (co-source)
          Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons of California 
          (co-source)
          American College of Physicians, California Chapter
          American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 
          District IX
          American Nurses Association of California 
          California Association of Physician Groups
          California Mental Health Directors Association

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          California Pharmacists Association
          California Society of Health-System Pharmacists
          Children Now
          Planned Parenthood Affiliates of California
          Six Rivers Planned Parenthood
          Southern California Society of Health-System Pharmacists

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    The California Academy of Family 
          Physicians, one of the bill's sponsors, states that the 
          goal of the medical home model is to utilize a team of 
          professionals to provide to a patient and coordinate a 
          broad spectrum of coordinated care and that as this concept 
          grows in popularity among consumers and providers, this 
          bill will ensure uniform standards of quality and access.  
          Supporters of this bill add that this bill will ensure 
          inclusivity of all licensed primary care providers in the 
          medical home model. 


          CTW:mw  5/31/11   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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