BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                             Senator Noreen Evans, Chair
                              2011-2012 Regular Session


          SB 1163 (Walters) 
          As Introduced 
          Hearing Date: May 8, 2012
          Fiscal: No
          Urgency: Yes
          NR   
                    

                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                              Special Access: Liability

                                      DESCRIPTION  

          This bill would impose pre-litigation procedural requirements 
          upon the filing of any claim under the state's civil rights and 
          equal access to public or housing accommodation laws, including 
          claims of violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act 
          (ADA) in state-owned facilities.  Specifically, this bill would 
          require:
           a specified and highly detailed 30-day notice of violation 
            served by personal service or certified mail on the property 
            owner or other responsible party, with a possible 120-day 
            additional waiting period during which the property owner or 
            other responsible party may bring the property into compliance 
            with disability access laws;
           if correction of the violation does not occur by the end of 
            the additional 120 days and the owner fails to provide a 
            satisfactory explanation, the claimant would be permitted to 
            file the claim; and
           if correction of the violation does occur, the aggrieved party 
            and all future aggrieved parties would be prohibited from 
            receiving any award of damages, other than special damages, as 
            defined, or any award of attorney's fees, in any claim based 
            on the same or similar facts.  

          The bill contains legislative findings and declarations 
          regarding the abuse of special access laws through vexatious 
          litigation, and the intent of the Legislature to restrict the 
          filing of special access lawsuits under California law by 
          requiring notice to the owners and providing them with the 
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          opportunity to cure the violations.  This bill would include an 
          urgency clause, and go into effect immediately. 

                                      BACKGROUND  

          Since 1969, persons with disabilities have enjoyed protection 
          under Civil Code
          Sections 54 and 54.1, which entitle individuals with 
          disabilities and medical conditions to full and free access to 
          and use of roadways, sidewalks, buildings and facilities open to 
          the public, hospitals and medical facilities, and housing. After 
          Congress enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 
          1990, the state made a violation of the ADA also a violation of 
          Section 54 or 54.1.  The state protections provided to disabled 
          persons are comparatively higher than those provided under the 
          ADA and are independent of the ADA. 

          A violation of Section 54 or Section 54.1 makes a person liable 
          for actual damages plus a maximum of three times the actual 
          damages (but not less than $1,000), plus attorney's fees and 
          costs.  In a private right of action under the ADA, a plaintiff 
          may obtain injunctive relief and attorney's fees, while an 
          action by the U.S. Attorney may bring equitable relief, monetary 
          damages on behalf of the aggrieved party, and a civil penalty of 
          up to $100,000.

          Under the Unruh Civil Rights Act, all persons, regardless of 
          sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, 
          disability or medical condition, are entitled to the full and 
          equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or 
          services in all business establishments of every kind 
          whatsoever. (Civil Code Section 51.)  A violation of the ADA 
          also constitutes a violation of Section 51.  A violation of this 
          section subjects a person to actual damages incurred by an 
          injured party, plus treble actual damages but not less than 
          $4,000, and any attorney's fees as the court may determine to be 
          proper. (Civil Code Section 52.)

          SB 262 (Kuehl, Chapter 872, Statutes of 2003) established in the 
          Division of the State Architect a voluntary "access specialist 
          certification program" in order to assist business and property 
          owners to comply with ADA and state access laws.  The bill also 
          authorized an enforcement action with civil penalties for 
          noncompliance with ADA and state access laws, after notification 
          of the business owner or operator by a government agency.  The 
          authority to institute a civil action was extended to county 
                                                                      



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          counsels (in addition to the Attorney General, district 
          attorney, and city attorney). 

          In 2003 and 2005, several bills were introduced after multiple 
          lawsuits were filed in state court by a few plaintiffs and 
          attorneys against business owners and operators for apparently 
          technical violations of the state's access or ADA regulations. 
          (SB 69 (Oller, 2003), AB 209 (Leslie, 2003), AB 20 (Leslie, 
          2005), and SB 855 (Poochigian, 2005).)  Three of those bills 
          would have required pre-litigation procedures for a plaintiff to 
          undertake prior to the filing of a complaint, including notice 
          to the owner of the property or business of the alleged 
          violations and would have provided a specified time period for 
          the owner or business to cure the violations.  One bill (AB 20) 
          would have precluded an action for damages for a de minimus 
          violation, allowing only injunctive relief and attorney's fees.  
          All of those bills failed passage in the Judiciary Committees of 
          their respective houses.

          In 2008, three bills were introduced relating to disability 
          access. (AB 2533 (Keene, 2008), SB 1766 (McClintock, 2008), and 
          SB 1608 (Corbett, Harman, Steinberg, Runner and Calderon, 
          Chapter 549, Statutes of 2008).)  AB 2533 would have required a 
          person alleging violations of the full and equal access laws to 
          first deliver a notice to the responsible party, specifying the 
          physical conditions complained of, and would have required that 
          entity to make a good faith effort to remedy the condition.  No 
          person could file an action unless the person to whom the notice 
          was given failed, within 30 days of receipt of the notice, to 
          commence a good faith effort to remedy the condition complained 
          of, or the person allowed unreasonable delays in remedying the 
          condition.  AB 2533 failed passage in the Assembly Committee on 
          Judiciary.  SB 1766 would have taken a similar approach by 
          imposing a duty on a person with a disability to first notify by 
          certified mail the owner or manager of the housing or public 
          accommodation in violation of the full and equal access laws and 
          also impose a duty on the owner or manager to remedy the 
          condition complained of within six months.  This bill failed 
          passage in this Committee.

          Alternatively, SB 1608, which took effect January 1, 2009, did 
          not create any pre-litigation hurdles for a person with a 
          disability but instead, among other things, provided for an 
          early evaluation of a filed complaint if the defendant is a 
          qualified defendant who had the identified place of public 
          accommodation inspected and determined to meet applicable 
                                                                      



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          physical access standards by a state Certified Access Specialist 
          prior to the filing of the complaint.  

          This bill is identical to SB 783 (Dutton, 2011) which failed 
          passage in this Committee last year.  This bill would establish 
          notice requirements for an aggrieved party to follow before he 
          or she can bring a disability access suit and give the business 
          owner a 120-day time period to remedy the violation.  If the 
          property owner cures the violation, the aggrieved party cannot 
          receive any damages or attorney's fees, except for special 
          damages.  

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
           Existing federal law  , under the Americans with Disabilities Act 
          (ADA), provides that no individual shall be discriminated 
          against on the basis of disability in the full and equal 
          enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, 
          advantages, or accommodations of any place of public 
          accommodation by any person who owns, leases, or leases to, or 
          operates a place of public accommodation. (42 U.S.C. Sec. 
          12182.)

           Existing law  provides that individuals with disabilities or 
          medical conditions have the same right as the general public to 
          the full and free use of the streets, highways, sidewalks, 
          walkways, public buildings, medical facilities, including 
          hospitals, clinics and physicians' offices, public facilities 
          and other public places.  It also provides that a violation of 
          an individual's rights under the ADA constitutes a violation of 
          state law.  (Civ. Code Sec. 54.)

           Existing law  provides that individuals with disabilities shall 
          be entitled to full and equal access to public accommodations, 
          subject only to the conditions and limitations established by 
          law, state, or federal regulation, and applicable alike to all 
          persons.  It further provides that individuals with disabilities 
          shall be entitled to full and equal access to all housing 
          accommodations offered for rent or lease, subject to conditions 
          and limitations established by law. (Civ. Code Sec. 54.1.)  

           Existing law  provides that a violation of the ADA also 
          constitutes a violation of Section 54.1.  A violation of Section 
          54.1 subjects a person to actual damages, plus treble actual 
          damages but not less than $1,000, and attorney's fees as the 
          court deems proper. (Civ. Code Sec. 55.)
                                                                      



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           Existing law  , the Unruh Civil Rights Act, declares that all 
          persons, regardless of sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, 
          national origin, disability or medical condition, are entitled 
          to the full and equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, 
          privileges, or services in all business establishments of every 
          kind whatsoever.  A violation of the ADA also constitutes a 
          violation of Unruh.  A violation of this section subjects a 
          person to actual damages incurred by an injured party, treble 
          actual damages but not less than $4,000, and any attorney's fees 
          as the court may determine to be proper. (Civ. Code Sec. 51 et 
          seq.)  

           Existing law  established the California Commission on Disability 
          Access (CCDA), an independent state agency composed of 19 
          members, with the general responsibility for monitoring 
          disability access compliance in California, and making 
          recommendations to the Legislature for necessary changes in 
          order to facilitate implementation of state and federal laws on 
          disability access. (Gov. Code Sec. 8299 et seq.)
           
          Existing law  requires an attorney, when serving a demand for 
          money letter or a complaint on a defendant, include a written 
          advisory to the defendant of the defendant's rights and 
          obligations, including the right of a qualified defendant to 
          request a stay and an early evaluation conference regarding the 
          allegations in the complaint.  This written advisory is required 
          from an attorney only and is not required from a pro per 
          plaintiff.  (Civ. Code Sec. 55.3.)

           Existing law  defines terms for a disability access action, 
          specifically, existing law:
           defines a qualified defendant as a defendant in an action that 
            includes an accessibility claim as to a place of public 
            accommodation that has been inspected by a certified access 
            specialist (CASp) and determined to meet applicable 
            construction-related accessibility standards or pending 
            determination by a CASp;
           defines a certified access specialist whose inspection report 
            would be the basis for a defendant to qualify for the early 
            evaluation conference;
           defines the construction-related accessibility standard that a 
            CASp would use to inspect and prepare a report on the place of 
            public accommodation; and
           enumerates the duties of the CASp with respect to the 
            inspection, the corrections that may need to be made to the 
                                                                      



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            site, written inspection report, and the statement of 
            compliance, including the issuance, upon completion of the 
            inspection and a determination that the site meets applicable 
            construction-related accessibility standards, of a specified, 
            watermarked, and sequentially numbered disability access 
            certificate that may be displayed at the site.  (Civ. Code 
            Sec. 55.52.)

           Existing law  provides that if a CASp determines that a site 
          meets all applicable construction-related accessibility claims 
          the CASp must provide a written inspection report to the 
          requesting party that includes specified information.  If the 
          CASp determines that corrections are needed to the site in order 
          for it to meet all applicable construction-related accessibility 
          standards, the CASp must provide a written inspection report to 
          the requesting party that identifies the needed corrections and 
          a schedule for completion. Existing law provides when a state 
          and federal standard are in conflict, the state provision shall 
          apply unless the federal provision is more protective of 
          accessibility rights. (Civ. Code Sec. 55.53.)

           Existing law  requires every CASp who completes an inspection of 
          a site to provide the owner or tenant with a disability access 
          inspection certificate if the site either meets applicable 
          construction-related accessibility standard or is a CASp 
          determination pending site.  Existing law permits the building 
          owner or tenant to post the certificate on the premises unless, 
          after the date of inspection, the inspected site has been 
          modified or construction has commenced to modify the inspected 
          site in a way that may impact compliance with 
          construction-related accessibility standards. (Civ. Code Sec. 
          55.53.)

           Existing law  outlines the specific process to be followed when 
          filing a disability access claim:
           specifies the contents of the request and includes a link to 
            the Judicial Council of California's Web site to access the 
            appropriate court forms;
           provides that a qualified defendant may file an application 
            requesting an early evaluation conference (EEC) after the 
            defendant is served with the summons and complaint within 30 
            days of receiving the summons and complaint;
           grants qualified defendants a 90-day stay of the proceedings 
            with respect to the construction-related accessibility claims, 
            unless the plaintiff has obtained temporary injunctive relief;
           requires a mandatory EEC to be scheduled no later than 50 days 
                                                                      



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            after issuance of the order but no earlier than 21 days after 
            the request is filed;
           directs the parties to appear in person at the time set for 
            the conference;
           directs the defendant to file with the court and serve on the 
            plaintiff a copy of any relevant CASp inspection report at 
            least 15 days prior to the date of the EEC;
           directs the plaintiff to file with the court and serve on the 
            defendant at least 15 days prior to the date of the EEC a 
            statement containing, to the extent reasonably known, an 
            itemized list of the alleged violations, the amount of damages 
            claimed, the amount of attorney's fees and costs claimed, and 
            any demand for settlement of the case in its entirety;
           specifies that the court shall lift the stay when defendant 
            has failed to file and serve the CASp inspection report when 
            required and also did not produce the report at the EEC, 
            unless good cause for the failure is shown;
           specifies that the court may lift the stay at the conclusion 
            of the EEC upon a showing of good cause by the plaintiff;
           specifies the court's authority to schedule additional 
            conferences or to extend the stay for no more than an 
            additional 90 days, upon a showing of good cause; and
           specifies the determinations the court would make at the EEC.  
            (Civ. Code Sec. 55.54.)

           Existing law  provides that the stay and early evaluation 
          conference shall not be deemed to make any inspection report or 
          opinion of a CASp binding on the court or to abrogate the 
          court's authority to make appropriate findings of fact and law. 
          (Civ. Code Sec. 55.54.)

           Existing law  provides that the stay and early evaluation 
          conference shall not be construed to invalidate or limit any 
          California construction-related accessibility standard that 
          provides greater or equal protection for the rights of persons 
          with disabilities than is afforded by the ADA and the federal 
          regulations adopted pursuant to that act. (Civ. Code Sec. 
          55.54.)
           
          Existing law  provides that notwithstanding the requirement that 
          offers of compromise are privileged and protected under Evidence 
          Code Section 1152, the court may consider, along with other 
          relevant information, settlement offers made and rejected by the 
          parties, in determining an award of reasonable attorney's fees 
          and recoverable costs in any construction-related accessibility 
          claim. (Civ. Code Sec. 55.55.)
                                                                      



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           Existing law  provides that statutory damages may be recovered in 
          a construction-related accessibility claim only if a violation 
          or violations of one or more construction-related accessibility 
          standards denied the plaintiff full and equal access to the 
          place of public accommodation on a particular occasion.  
          Existing law specifies that a plaintiff is denied full and equal 
          access only if he or she personally encountered the violation on 
          a particular occasion or was deterred from accessing the public 
          accommodation on a particular occasion.  (Civ. Code Sec. 55.56.)

           This bill  would impose pre-litigation procedural requirements 
          upon the filing of any claim under the state's civil rights and 
          equal access to public or housing accommodation laws, and limit 
          an aggrieved party's right to damages and attorney's fees, as 
          specified.  

           This bill  would require the aggrieved party, prior to the filing 
          of any claim, to serve a notice by personal service or certified 
          mail on the owner of the property or other responsible person, 
          stating:

            This letter is to inform you that the property located at 
            (address of property), for which you are the property owner, 
            agent, or other responsible party, may be in violation of 
            federal and/or state special access laws pursuant to 
            (expressly cite the federal and/or California statute of which 
            the property is believed to be in violation) and caused harm 
            to (list the name of the alleged aggrieved party).

            Specifically, the possible violation(s) has/have been 
            identified as follows: (Notice must identify the specific 
            facts that constitute the alleged violation, including the 
            date on which the alleged violation occurred and 
            identification of the location of the alleged violation with 
            sufficient detail, so that the location can be identified by 
            the property owner, agent, or other responsible party).

            Under Section 55.4 of the California Civil Code, you have 30 
            days to respond to this notice by certified mail or personal 
            service. Your response must be addressed to (give address 
            where personal service may be received or certified mail may 
            be sent). California law allows you to respond in one of three 
            ways:

               (1)You may expressly state that improvements will be made 
                                                                      



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                 to bring the premises into compliance with applicable 
                 special access laws. If you respond in this fashion, you 
                 have a maximum of 120 days to make these improvements or 
                 repairs. The 120-day period shall begin on the date your 
                 response to this notice is received at the address given 
                 above. If the improvements or repairs necessary to bring 
                 the property into compliance with federal and state 
                 special access laws are not completed in 120 days, a 
                 lawsuit may be brought against you.

               (2)You may challenge the validity of the alleged 
                 violations. If you respond in this fashion, a lawsuit may 
                 be brought against you immediately.

               (3)If the violations listed above are the same or similar 
                 to previous violations that you believe have been 
                 corrected, you may respond by stating that the necessary 
                 repairs have been made to bring the property into 
                 compliance with federal and state special access laws. 
                 You must also attach evidence that verifies those 
                 improvements.

            If you have any questions about this notice or your rights 
            under federal or California law, please contact your legal 
            counsel."

           This bill  would grant the property owner or responsible party 30 
          days from the date of the notice to respond, by personal service 
          or certified mail, in one of three ways detailed in the notice 
          above.

           This bill  would provide that if the violation is corrected 
          within the 120-day period, an award of damages would be 
          prohibited, except for "special damages," as defined, and an 
          award of attorney's fees, to the current or future alleged 
          aggrieved parties for any claim arising out of the same facts 
          that served as the basis for the violation.

           This bill  would provide that if the violation is not corrected 
          within the 120 day period and the owner or responsible party 
          fails to provide a satisfactory explanation, the aggrieved party 
          may file a claim.

           This bill  would deem as a nonadmission of guilt, statements made 
          by the owner or responsible party in the response to the notice 
          of violation, expressly stating that the property would be 
                                                                      



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          brought into compliance, and make such statements inadmissible 
          in any future claim based on the same facts.

           This bill  would require the use of this procedure in all claims 
          for damages or fees, other than those praying for special 
          damages arising out of an injury in fact because of a denial of 
          full and equal access under the state's access laws.

           This bill  would require a court or jury to consider, in making a 
          determination of the amount of damages awarded to a successful 
          plaintiff, previous or pending actual damage awards received or 
          prayed for by the plaintiff for the same or similar injury.
                                                          
          This bill  would require the use of this procedure in all claims 
          based on ADA violations in state-owned facilities.

           This bill  would declare legislative intent to institute programs 
          to educate business property owners and local municipalities 
          about the accessibility requirements of federal and state 
          special access laws.

           This bill  contains legislative findings and declarations.

           This bill  would include an urgency clause and would go into 
          effect immediately. 

                                        COMMENT
           
          1.  Stated need for the bill  
          
          In support of this bill, the author writes:

             SB 1163 seeks to solve this problem of abuse against small 
             businesses and the lack of accessibility for the disabled 
             community by inserting a notice and comply provision into the 
             Civil Code, meaning that before filing a claim under the 
             state's Unruh Civil Rights code (including claims of 
             violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 
             state-owned facilities), the prosecuting party would notify 
             the business of the violation, and they would have a 120 day 
             window to fix the violation before being sued. 


          Further, the National Federation of Independent Business writes:

            Frivolous lawsuits have become a growing problem and create a 
                                                                      



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            negative climate for California small businesses.  While some 
            claims may prove legitimate, a large percentage is completely 
            without merit.  However, individuals and entities that are 
            sued still have to defend themselves, and this defense is 
            often costly to both businesses and consumers.  Small 
            businesses, usually without a legal or administrative 
            department or the infrastructure to defend themselves, are 
            usually an easy target for plaintiffs' attorneys who have 
            converted this into a cottage industry of sorts over the 
            years. 

          2.  This bill would create unprecedented pre-litigation procedural 
            hurdles for disabled persons that would undermine enforcement 
            of the ADA and California's civil rights and equal access laws  

          Under existing law, if an individual's civil rights or liberties 
          are violated, they have a right to seek recourse in a court of 
          law by filing a complaint.  While there are situations where a 
          plaintiff is required to take some preliminary steps before 
          commencing an action or proceeding, those situations relate to 
          contract and quasi-contract actions, beneficiary-trustee 
          lawsuits against third parties, and to cases of professional 
          malpractice by architects, engineers, land surveyors and common 
          interest development contractors (Witkin, California Procedure 
          4th Ed., Vol. 3, 198 et seq.)  This bill would create an 
          unprecedented pre-litigation hurdle for persons with 
          disabilities enforcing their civil rights which would result in 
          an additional inequity since no other protected classes of 
          persons are subject to such procedural hurdles. 

          Specifically, this bill would require "an alleged aggrieved 
          party" to serve notice, by personal service or certified mail, 
          to the property owner or responsible party.  This bill contains 
          the specific language that the notice must include as well as 
          the specific violations being alleged, the person or persons who 
          suffered an injury as a result of the violations, and the 
          options that are available to the property owner or responsible 
          party.  The property owner would then have 30 days to respond to 
          the notice.  During that time, the aggrieved claimant would not 
          be able to proceed any further. 

          It can be presumed that since the information contained in the 
          notice must be specific to each and every violation, including 
          citations of any state or federal statute, this could result in 
          most claimants needing to seek the assistance of an attorney.  
          However, this bill would also provide that if a disabled person 
                                                                      



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          does file a complaint, they would be prohibited from recovering 
          attorney's fees, as discussed below.  As a result, this 
          requirement could act as a financial deterrent to disabled 
          persons pursuing their claim for a violation of their civil 
          rights to equal access. 

          Existing law provides business owners with the minimum standards 
          for compliance with state and federal disability access 
          standards.  This bill would allow property owners to ignore the 
          law until a disabled person makes a complaint.  During that time 
          the disabled person who suffered as a result of the property 
          owner's actions, could not do anything while the property owner 
          is not only given 30 days to respond, but is also given numerous 
          options to decide how he or she wants to respond.  Under this 
          bill, if the property owner "chooses" to comply with the law, 
          they have another 120 days to do so.   

          3.  This bill would give violators of disability access laws an 
            unprecedented right to cure violations
           
          This bill would give violators of state and federal disability 
          access laws the right to cure a violation before a party may 
          file a complaint.  That right to cure is unprecedented and not 
          imposed on any other protected class attempting to enforce their 
          civil rights. 

          Upon receiving notice from the claimant that the property may be 
          in violation of disability access laws, the property owner has 
          30 days to respond.  In that response, the property owner has 
          three options. 

          First, if the alleged violations have been corrected, the 
          property owner or responsible party may state so in a response, 
          and attach evidence of the corrective action taken. This of 
          course, is done outside of any court proceeding and is not 
          subject to any oversight. 

          Second, the property owner or responsible party may challenge 
          the validity of the alleged violations, in which case the 
          claimant may file a claim, subject to any applicable statute of 
          limitation, at any time after the claimant has received the 
          response to the notice from the responsible party.  The language 
          of this provision of SB 1163 raises a few concerns.  It is 
          unclear what the phrase "challenge the validity of the alleged 
          violation" means.  This begs the question as to whether a one 
          sentence response, "I challenge the validity of your claims" 
                                                                      



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          would suffice.  There is also an issue with the 30-day period 
          that the property owner has to respond to the claimant's 
          notification.  There could be circumstances wherein the property 
          owner or responsible party does not respond until the 30th day 
          from the date of the notice, and the statute of limitation runs 
          on the 30th day.

          Third, the property owner may expressly agree to take corrective 
          action, in which case the disabled person would have to wait 
          another 120 days to see if the corrective actions were made or 
          not.  Also, this response may not be considered an admission of 
          guilt and would be inadmissible in a future claim filed against 
          the property owner, agent or responsible party.

          This bill would also require the court or jury to consider 
          previous or pending actual damage awards to a successful 
          plaintiff or requested in other pending lawsuits, when making a 
          determination of the amount of damages to award to a plaintiff. 
          This same provision was contained in SB 783.  Concerning that 
          bill, the Consumer Attorneys of California noted that "it 
          appears unprecedented to have this type of provision in law and 
          it would prove to have a chilling effect on legitimate cases. 
          Further, existing law already contains protections against 
          vexatious litigants so this provision is unnecessary." 
          Considering that a previous express promise by the defendant to 
          bring the property into compliance (which presumably was not 
          fulfilled) would be prohibited from being admitted into 
          evidence, it is arguably unfair that the court is required to 
          consider the plaintiff's past history of filing these lawsuits.

          4.  Award of attorney's fees, costs and treble damages would be 
            eliminated
           
          Under existing law, in addition to actual damages, a court may 
          award a successful plaintiff his or her attorney's fees and 
          costs and treble damages in an amount not less than $1,000 in an 
          action for specific civil rights violations perpetrated against 
          disabled persons.

          This bill would prohibit a plaintiff from recovering anything 
          but "special damages" in these actions.  "Special damages" are 
          challenging to prove and are generally defined as an "actual, 
          but not the necessary, result of the injury complained of, and 
          which in fact follow as a natural and proximate consequence in 
          the particular case, this is by reason of special circumstance 
          and conditions."
                                                                      



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          Actual damages in actions involving denial of full and equal 
          access to disabled persons are rarely present and are very 
          difficult to ascertain except in situations involving, for 
          example, hospitals and clinics, and the plaintiff is in need of 
          medical attention.  Thus, the law provides for the minimum of 
          $1,000 in treble damages so that businesses would be deterred 
          from ignoring the rights of access by these persons to their 
          establishments.  In addition, an award of attorney's fees and 
          costs is provided under existing law because actual damages are 
          often minor and are insufficient to cover the costs of 
          litigation. 

          While the proponents of this bill may seek to curb predatory 
          lawsuits designed to extract payments from businesses, this bill 
          would in fact also curb meritorious claims by disabled 
          plaintiffs.  The disabled community asserts that after over 40 
          years of state and 20 years of federal law guaranteeing full and 
          equal access, compliance by businesses across the state leaves 
          much to be desired.  Thus, the value of attorney's fees and 
          costs, as well as the minimum $1,000 in treble damages, to 
          plaintiffs seeking redress is immeasurable, because without the 
          court's ability to make this award, no one can afford to file 
          suit to compel compliance.  

          Other laws relating to the exercise of civil rights (such as 
          access to senior housing, gender discrimination, discrimination 
          by business establishments based on specified characteristics) 
          provide for similar recovery of actual damages, attorney's fees 
          and costs, and minimum treble damages.  If this bill were to 
          become law, it would treat disabled persons differently than 
          other protected classes.

          5.  Legislative findings and declarations are not based on 
            empirical data regarding these lawsuits  

          This bill contains legislative findings and declarations that 
          make sweeping statements without empirical data that support the 
          findings.  For example, the bill states:

            "Vexatious special access lawsuits unduly burden our courts 
            and taxpayers and do not result in improved access for those 
            with special access needs.  Those lawsuits cost California 
            jobs and economic prosperity, unfairly threaten small 
            businesses, force businesses to respond with higher costs for 
            goods and services, and have adverse impacts on levels of 
                                                                      



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            employment and employee compensation."

          Except for the few vexatious litigants that have appeared in the 
          newspaper headlines about access lawsuits, there are no sources 
          of reliable information regarding the degree by which the equal 
          access laws of the state are being abused.  These equal access 
          laws were passed to ensure that all citizens are provided the 
          same opportunities to avail themselves of goods and services 
          provided by business establishments in the state.  The 
          enforcement mechanism has largely been these access lawsuits, in 
          the absence of a comprehensive educational program from the 
          federal government on down to the local city hall.  Where the 
          lawsuits are brought in good faith, and accompanied by a request 
          for injunctive relief, the sued businesses and the disabled 
          person(s) have generally reached agreement on improvements to 
          make facilities more accessible.


           Support  :  California Asian Pacific Chamber of Commerce; 
          California Citizens Against Lawsuit Abuse; California Hotel and 
          Lodging Association; California Medical Association; California 
          Small Business Association; Civil Justice Association of 
          California; Islands Fine Burgers and Drinks; National Federation 
          of Independent Business

           Opposition  :  California Foundation for Independent Living 
          Centers; Consumer Attorneys of California; Disability Rights 
          California

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  An Individual

           Related Pending Legislation  :  SB 1186 (Steinberg and Dutton) 
          would ban settlement demands and require attorneys to notify the 
          recipient of any alleged construction-related accessibility 
          violation 30 days prior to filing a claim.  This bill is 
          scheduled to be heard in this Committee on May 8, 2012.

           Prior Legislation  :

          SB 783 (Dutton, 2011) See Background.  

          SB 209 (Corbett & Harman, Chapter 569, Statutes of 2009) 
          required a CASp inspection report to remain confidential rather 
          than be under seal and subject to protective order.
                                                                      



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          SB 1608 (Corbett et al., Chapter 549, Statutes of 2008) See 
          Background.

          SB 1766 (McClintock, 2008) See Background.

          AB 2533 (Keene, 2008) See Background.

          SB 855 (Poochigian, 2005) See Background.  


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