BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �




                   Senate Appropriations Committee Fiscal Summary
                           Senator Christine Kehoe, Chair


          SB 1491 (Negrete McLeod) - Education Finance: Deferrals.
          
          Amended: April 26, 2012         Policy Vote: Education 7-0
          Urgency: No                     Mandate: No
          Hearing Date: May 24, 2012      Consultant: Jacqueline 
          Wong-Hernandez
          
          SUSPENSE FILE.

          
          Bill Summary: SB 1491 requires the state to reimburse school 
          districts for a portion of their borrowing costs incurred during 
          a deferral of payment, as specified. This bill requires the 
          Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI) to determine whether 
          the required supplemental apportionment is sufficient to 
          reimburse school districts and to allocate the funds.

          Fiscal Impact: 
              Reimbursements: Potentially substantial future state 
              General Fund costs to reimburse school districts; exact 
              costs will be partially determined by the SPI.
              Administrative costs: Potentially significant on-going 
              workload for the Department of Education (CDE) to determine 
              allowable costs, collect data, make payment determinations, 
              and process actual payments.

          Background: As a component of managing the state budget during 
          the on-going fiscal crisis, the state enacted a series of 
          apportionment deferrals for school districts and local 
          governments to increase cash on hand. The state has enacted two 
          types of deferrals: inter-year (across fiscal years) and 
          intra-year (within the fiscal year). Inter-year deferrals defer 
          payments required to be made in one fiscal year to the 
          subsequent fiscal year. Intra-year deferrals defer state 
          payments within a fiscal year, in order to have more available 
          cash for a certain period of time.

          Deferrals place a cash management burden on school districts. If 
          internal resources are insufficient to cover a district's cash 
          needs, it can borrow from private lenders or certain county 
          agencies. Districts bear any borrowing costs they may incur. 
          Existing law includes a hardship waiver process for schools 








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          districts that might not be able to meet financial obligations 
          if payments are deferred, but to qualify for a waiver school 
          districts would also have to prove that they have exhausted all 
          borrowing options.

          Proposed Law: This bill would require the state to issue a 
          supplemental apportionment to school districts, if the state 
          defers in the future (at any point after January 1, 2013) an 
          amount of money greater than the amount projected to be deferred 
          at the time the Budget Act of 2012. The supplemental 
          apportionment would reimburse school districts for a portion of 
          their borrowing costs (including the interest) that does not 
          exceed the effective annual percentage yield earned in the prior 
          fiscal year by the Pooled Money Investment Account (PMIA). The 
          SPI would determine whether the supplemental apportionment is 
          sufficient to reimburse school districts and would allocate the 
          supplemental apportionment amounts to the school districts.

          Staff Comments: The 2012 Budget Act proposes to reduce K-14 
          deferrals by $1.8 billion, which lowers the total ongoing 
          inter-year deferrals to approximately $8.6 billion.  This bill 
          would require the state to pay a portion of school district 
          borrowing costs for any future Budget deferral that is above 
          that point-in-time level. This partial reimbursement will result 
          in substantial future costs to the state if it defers additional 
          funds to school districts.

          This bill may have the unintended consequence of encouraging 
          borrowing to cover deferrals (instead of drawing down reserves 
          or exhausting other options) because it would subsidize that 
          borrowing. If the PMIA interest rate (which is the bill's cap 
          for reimbursing interest) is comparable to the interest paid on 
          the loan, it may make financial sense for a district to borrow 
          funds while potentially earning interest on its reserves. This 
          bill specifies application to school districts, but does not 
          include charter schools, county offices of education, or the 
          community colleges. If enacted as it is, this bill may encourage 
          deferrals to those entities, since they would not be entitled to 
          this benefit.

          It is not clear how the SPI will define "borrowing costs" 
          outside of interest paid. The SPI is responsible for both 
          determining what constitutes a borrowing cost and whether the 
          supplemental apportionment is sufficient to reimburse school 








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          districts for those costs. Thus, the SPI will, to some extent, 
          determine the costs to the state for reimbursement. The CDE has 
          opined that it would need to, at a minimum, collect significant 
          new data and contract additional staff with expertise in school 
          finance lending to determine allowable costs.