BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  AJR 39
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          CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS
          AJR 39 (Roger Hernández)
          As Amended  June 17, 2014
          Majority vote
           
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          |ASSEMBLY:  |71-1 |(April 3, 2014) |SENATE: |26-5 |(June 19,      |
          |           |     |                |        |     |2014)          |
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           Original Committee Reference:    U. & C.  

           SUMMARY  :  Urges the United States (U.S.) Congress to amend a  
          specified federal law to allow states and their municipalities  
          to determine the best use of public, education, and government  
          (PEG) channel support.  

           The Senate amendments  :

          1)Highlight the importance to preserve PEG channels and funding  
            to ensure PEG-channel facilities continue to be available to  
            serve residents and to provide local opportunities for  
            skill-building and professional development for students and  
            workers.

          2)Add a coauthor.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  Unknown. This resolution is keyed non-fiscal by  
          the Legislative Counsel. 

           COMMENTS  :  According to the author, "In this modern age,  
          residents rely on information to be delivered via public,  
          educational and government channels.  These PEG channels offer  
          residents an opportunity to become fully aware of what is taking  
          place in their local communities.  Public-access channels allow  
          citizens to become better informed on local decisions by their  
          elected representatives, educational and cultural programming.   
          Currently, PEG funds are restricted to the use of capital  
          expenses, such as equipment, maintenance, upgrades, and sets,  
          but cannot be used for legitimate operational expenses such as  
          labor, administration or research.  Assembly Joint Resolution  
          (AJR) 39 urges Congress to allow states and their municipalities  
          to determine the best use of public, educational and government  
          funds."









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          1)Background:  PEG channels are public access channels that  
            afford citizens with the opportunity to connect with their  
            communities, engage in civic activity, and obtain cultural  
            information.  Although PEG channels are not mandated by  
            federal law, the law stipulates how PEG channel fees can be  
            used by local franchising authorities.  Cable subscribers pay  
            5% of their bill as a franchise fee to the local government,  
            and local governments cannot impose additional costs beyond  
            that 5%.  However, federal law does require a cable television  
            service provider to set aside channel capacity and provide  
            financial support for PEG access channels and restricts PEG  
            channel funds to capital expenses such as equipment,  
            maintenance, upgrades and studio staging.  The federal  
            government wanted to ensure local governments were  
            contributing to the community as well, thus limiting the 1%  
            PEG fee to capital expenditures.  This provision has not been  
            updated in federal law since 1984. 

            In 2006, the Legislature passed the Digital Infrastructure and  
            Video Competition Act (DIVCA) with goals to promote rapid,  
            widespread competition in broadband and video markets and  
            accelerate the deployment of additional infrastructure in  
            California.  DIVCA is implemented by the California Public  
            Utilities Commission and addresses video franchising and other  
            broadband related issues.  DIVCA fundamentally changed video  
            franchising within California by transferring the authority  
            for issuing franchises for the provision of video services  
            from local entities to the State of California.  Historically,  
            local entities, primarily cities, counties and special  
            districts issued cable television franchises.  This required  
            cable operators to negotiate separate franchise agreements  
            with each locality where they wished to provide video service.  


            Some jurisdictions used PEG fees to open PEG access centers.   
            These centers provide community groups and individuals free  
            access to video production facilities and equipment.   
            According to the author, since 2007 approximately 51 PEG  
            access centers have closed.  It is unknown how many of these  
            centers remain open.  

            Some may argue that at the time the U.S. Federal  
            Communications Commission began requiring cable operators to  
            provide local origination programming to connect communities,  
            mass communication was limited to local newspapers, public  








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            broadcasting, and cable television systems.  Today,  
            individuals can communicate to their communities through  
            emerging broadband technologies like Twitter, YouTube, and  
            Facebook, enhancing the right to "freedom of speech" to new  
            levels.  With the availability of these new and emerging  
            technologies, requiring cable companies to continue to provide  
            a channel for PEG programming may no longer be necessary.

          2)A message to U.S. Congress:  In light of the concerns raised  
            by local jurisdictions that have excessively low PEG channel  
            revenue streams and caused PEG centers to close their  
            operations, this resolution specifically calls on the U.S.  
            Congress to amend 47 U.S. Code Section 542:

             a)   Allow states and their municipalities to determine the  
               best use of PEG channel support.

             b)   Restore and protect funding for PEG operations.

             c)   To allow states and local governments the flexibility to  
               use PEG funding for legitimate expenses other than capitol  
               expenses.

             d)   Ensure PEG channels are transmitted without charge to  
               local governments.

            This resolution urges the U.S. Congress to amend a specified  
            federal law to allow states and their municipalities to  
            determine the best use of PEG channel support.  It highlights  
            the importance to preserve PEG channels and funding to ensure  
            PEG-channel facilities continue to be available to serve  
            residents and to provide local opportunities for  
            skill-building and professional development for students and  
            workers.

          3)Support:  The City of Whittier (City) writes in support of  
            this resolution.  The City operates one PEG channel to show  
            City Council meetings, Planning Commission meetings, public  
            hearings, candidate forums, and other events important to the  
            community.  According to the City, "Our residents are  
            typically very engaged in local issues and rely on this  
            information to develop their opinions so they can provide  
            educated public input to local governance.  The Whittier City  
            Council unanimously supports the PEG channel as a very  
            effective means of making government activities transparent  








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            and open.   

            "AJR 39 is important to the City of Whittier as it will remove  
            use restrictions on PEG channel access fees and prevent video  
            providers from charging municipalities for transmission of PEG  
            channels.  The measure will allow us the flexibility to use  
            PEG funding for operational expenses as well as capital  
            expenses."

            The Marin Telecommunications Agency (MTA) supports this  
            resolution.  MTA administers video franchises and contracts  
            with a nonprofit organization to operate PEG access channels,  
            and operate and manage the Media Center for public, education  
            and government use to develop programming for the PEG.   
            According to MTA, "AJR 39 will provide solutions for critical  
            and immediate threats to PEG channels and facilities in  
            California and across the country by removing use restrictions  
            on PEG channel access fees, restoring PEG channel revenue  
            streams, and preventing video providers from charging  
            municipalities for the transmission of the PEG channels."

          4)Opposition:  The California Cable & Telecommunications  
            Association (CCTA) opposes this resolution noting that  
            pursuant both federal and state law, in most cases cable  
            operators provide 1% of their gross revenues in a franchise  
            area to support the capital costs associated with providing  
            PEG programming.  CCTA argues that state law requires cable  
            and video companies to provide dedicated channels for PEG  
            programming.  CCTA points out that "While federal law limits  
            the use of the PEG fee to exclusively support the capital  
            costs associated with PEG programming, cable operators also  
            pay local governments an additional 5% of their gross revenues  
            as a franchise fee that can be used without restriction to  
            cover general government expenses, including non-capital costs  
            of PEG."  

          Further, many local governments have the resources to contribute  
          their share to this partnership if they deem it a valuable  
          public service to their citizens.  According to CCTA, "Given the  
          funding currently available to local governments that can be  
          used to pay for any costs associated with the provision of PEG,  
          there simply is no basis to assume that local governments cannot  
          now provide full funding support for PEG programming."  

           








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          Analysis Prepared by  :    DaVina Flemings / U. & C. / (916)  
          319-2083 


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