BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �





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        GOVERNOR'S VETO
        AB 566 (Wieckowski)
        As Amended September 11, 2013
        2/3 vote


         
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        |           |51-25|(May 30, 2013)  |SENATE: |22-12|(September 12, |
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        |ASSEMBLY:  |45-26|(September 12,  |        |     |               |
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        Original Committee Reference:    JUD.  

         SUMMARY  :  Requires, until January 1, 2020, a court to comply with  
        specified requirements before contracting out services currently or  
        customarily performed by that court's trial court employees.   
        Specifically,  this bill  :   

        1)Provides that, until January 1, 2020, if a trial court seeks to  
          contract for services currently or customarily, as defined,  
          performed by that court's trial court employees, all of the  
          following apply:

           a)   The contract may not be approved if, in light of the  
             services provided by the trial courts and the special nature of  
             the judicial function, it would be inconsistent with the public  
             interest to have the services performed by a private entity.

           b)   The court clearly demonstrates that the contract will result  
             in actual, overall cost savings to the court, considering  










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             specified factors, as provided.

           c)   The contract savings are not the result of lower contractor  
             pay rates or benefits, provided the contract is eligible for  
             approval if the contractor's wages are at the industry standard  
             and do not materially undercut trial court pay rates.

           d)   The contract does not cause existing trial court employees  
             to lose employment, as provided.

           e)   The contract is awarded through a competitive bidding  
             process.

           f)   The contract provides for qualified staff, and the  
             contractor's hiring practices are nondiscriminatory.

           g)   The contract allows for immediate termination by the trial  
             court, without penalty, for material breach.

           h)   For contracts over $100,000, requires the contract to i)  
             disclose specified information, ii) provide measurable  
             performance standards; and iii) require a performance audit and  
             a cost audit be done and considered prior to any contract  
             renewal.

           i)   The contract may only be awarded if the savings clearly  
             justify the size and duration of the contracting agreement.

        2)Provides that the provisions in 1) above, do not apply to:

           a)   Contracts between a trial court and another trial court or a  
             government entity for services to be performed by employees of  
             that trial court or government entity;

           b)   Contracts for a new trial court function for which the  
             Legislature has specifically mandated or authorized the  
             performance of the services by independent contractors;

           c)   Services contracted for that are of such a highly  
             specialized or technical nature that necessary expertise are  
             not available from court employees;










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           d)   Services incidental to a contract for purchase of property,  
             except for contracts to operate equipment or computers (other  
             than service or maintenance agreements);

           e)   Contracts needed to protect against conflict of interest or  
             ensure independent unbiased findings;

           f)   Emergency situations;

           g)   Training courses when qualified instructors not available  
             from court employees;

           h)   Services that are of such an urgent, temporary or occasional  
             nature that delay in hiring employees would frustrate their  
             very purpose, but this provision does not apply to court  
             reporters, except individual pro tempore court reporters may be  
             used as appropriate;

           i)   Contracts for services with individuals with developmental  
             disabilities pursuant to rehabilitation programs; and 

           j)   Contracts for services of court interpreters.

        3)Does not preclude a trial court or the Judicial Council from  
          adopting more restrictive rules regarding contracting of court  
          services.

        4)Applies to any contract entered into, renewed or extended after  
          the bill's effective date.

        5)Requires each trial court that enters into a personal services  
          contract between July 1, 2013, and the effective date of the bill,  
          with a term beyond March 1, 2014, to report to the Legislature by  
          February 1, 2014, on the contract, as provided.  States the intent  
          of the Legislature to consider reducing future budget  
          appropriations to a trial court if such a contract would not have  
          been allowed under the terms set forth in 1) and 2), above.

        6)Contains a severability clause.











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         The Senate amendments  add the sunset, delete the retroactive effect  
        of the bill, define customarily, add seven new exemptions to  
        contracting restrictions and require trial courts to report to the  
        Legislature on specified contracts.
         
        EXISTING LAW  :

        1)Provides that employees of the state be appointed through the  
          civil service system.  

        2)Limits personal service contracts (contracting out) for work done  
          by state employees to when specified conditions are satisfied,  
          including:

           a)   The contracting state agency clearly demonstrates actual  
             overall savings.

           b)   The contract savings are not the result of lower contractor  
             pay rates or benefits, provided the contract is eligible for  
             approval if the contractor's wages are at the industry standard  
             and do not undercut existing pay rates.

           c)   The contract does not cause displacement of state civil  
             service employees.

           d)   The amount of the savings clearly justifies the agreement.

           e)   The contract is awarded through a competitive bidding  
             process.

           f)   The potential for future economic risk for the state from  
             the contractor is minimal.

           g)   The potential economic advantage of contracting out is not  
             outweighed by the public's interest in having a particular  
             function performed directly by the state.  

        3)Permits contracting out of work done by state employees in limited  
          specified situations, including new state functions, services that  
          cannot be performed within civil service, and emergency  
          situations.  










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        4)Prevents a school district or community college district from  
          contracting out services currently or customarily performed by  
          classified employees, unless conditions similar to those set out  
          in 2) above, are satisfied.  

        5)Prevents, until January 1, 2019, a city or library district from  
          withdrawing from a county free library system and operating  
          libraries with a private contractor, unless conditions similar to  
          2) above, are satisfied.  

        6)Allows a county to contract out for "special services," as  
          provided.    

         FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:

        1)Unknown, significant loss of future cost savings potentially in  
          the millions of dollars (General Fund*) per year to the extent the  
          provisions of this measure restrict the ability of courts to  
          transition to the use of technology-based services for existing  
          court services, including but not limited to court reporting. 

        2)The amendment removing the July 1, 2012, retroactive provision but  
          adding the services of court reporters more broadly to be subject  
          to the contracting standards could still result in the potential  
          fiscal impact of nearly $2 million as previously indicated by the  
          Judicial Council. To the extent the inclusion of court reporter  
          services impacts additional courts that have been utilizing  
          electronic court reporting in limited cases, the potential fiscal  
          impact could potentially be greater. 

        3)Unknown, significant costs potentially in the millions of dollars  
          (General Fund*) to the extent the standards established in this  
          bill limit the courts' ability to negotiate contracts for  
          services, including but not limited to for extended contracts  
          (limits contract terms to five years), pay rates, and contracts  
          with non-local governmental agencies.

        4)Ongoing significant administrative costs (General Fund*) to the  
          courts to demonstrate that a decision to contract out for services  
          is allowable under the bill's parameters, and to provide the  










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          specified additional information and performance audits for  
          contracts exceeding $100,000.

        5)To the extent the contracting restrictions expose the trial courts  
          to legal action from persons or groups contesting whether the  
          specified conditions were met, additional costs could be incurred.  


        *Trial Court Trust Fund (TCTF)

         COMMENTS  :  Nearly all government entities in California are  
        restricted from contracting out functions customarily done by public  
        employees, unless specified conditions are satisfied.  These  
        requirements are designed to ensure that not only is work done  
        cost-effectively, but that the public interest in government  
        activities remains paramount.  As a general rule, work performed for  
        the state must be done by state employees unless the proposed  
        contract for personal services meets specified criteria, including a  
        clear demonstration of cost savings.  Schools and community college  
        districts are also required to comply with the same standards that  
        apply to state departments.  Just two years ago, the Legislature  
        passed, and the Governor signed, almost identical provisions to  
        limit the privatization of public libraries in AB 438 (Williams),  
        Chapter 611, Statutes of 2011.  This bill, jointly sponsored by the  
        Service Employees International Union (SEIU) and the American  
        Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), seeks  
        to extend these same due diligence protections to the trial courts  
        in a pilot program.

        The author writes that this bill is necessary not only to ensure  
        that scarce court resources are used as effectively and efficiently  
        as possible, but also to protect the very integrity of the court  
        process:  "AB 566 is consistent with the law today for the state,  
        school districts, community colleges, and our libraries.  This bill  
        simply puts the trial courts on par with other important government  
        functions by ensuring that our tax dollars are accountable and that  
        the public's interest in fair and judicious courts is considered  
        before privatizing critical court functions." 

        The due diligence requirements in this bill are very similar to  
        requirements today that apply to all state agencies, as well as  










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        schools, community colleges and libraries.  Like the courts, these  
        entities, with the exception of the libraries, receive the bulk of  
        their funding from and through the state.

        Historically, trial courts in California were county entities,  
        funded by the counties, but in 1997, after significant problems came  
        to light with the county-based court funding model, the Legislature  
        passed the Lockyer-Isenberg Trial Court Funding Act, AB 233 (Escutia  
        and Pringle), Chapter 850, Statutes of 1997.  Under that bill, the  
        state assumed responsibility for funding the courts and helping  
        ensure equal access to a quality judicial system statewide.  After  
        the state took over funding, the courts received significant funding  
        increases and historically underfunded courts saw greater increases.  
         Unfortunately, the recession forced significant reductions in state  
        General Fund support for the courts, but "one-time" fixes, backfills  
        and new revenues have, to date, spared the court system some of the  
        General Fund reductions.

        Nevertheless the state's trial courts and their employees, and all  
        court users in the state, have been experiencing tragic reductions  
        in court services and basic access to justice.  Trial courts have  
        been taking dramatic and painful steps to address the budget cuts,  
        including 1) closing courthouses and courtrooms, some on selected  
        days and others completely; 2) laying off or furloughing employees;  
        and 3) reducing services, including substantial cuts to self-help  
        and family law facilitator assistance, and providing fewer court  
        reporters and court interpreters.  While the trial courts have  
        received an additional $60 million this year, some of the one-time  
        fixes are set to expire.  As a result, it is anticipated that courts  
        may be looking for additional ways to reduce expenditures.  Courts  
        may therefore understandably be tempted to consider contracting out  
        important court functions in an attempt to reduce expenses.  If this  
        is the case, it is important to ensure that such contracting out  
        will actually save the courts money and continue to strongly protect  
        the integrity of the judicial system.  According to the author, this  
        bill proposes to do exactly that.

        The Placer Superior Court has reportedly gone so far as to lay off  
        all its court reporters and contract out all of their work to  
        private court reporters.  The Placer Court states that the contract  
        will result in $600,000 in anticipated savings in the 2013-14 fiscal  










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        year.  However, according to the sponsors, court employees agreed to  
        reduce their wages and benefits to the level of the private contract  
        and attain the $600,000 savings, but the Placer Court nevertheless  
        pursued the private contract even though there were no longer  
        savings.  Moreover, the contract has not increased either the number  
        or type of cases for which court reporters are present.  Thus, court  
        reporting in all cases in Placer County, including juvenile court  
        cases which are closed to the public, will now be performed by a  
        private, for-profit company.  This bill would help ensure that  
        future contracts of this sort not only actually save money for the  
        courts, but also are, most importantly, in the public's interest.

         GOVERNOR'S VETO MESSAGE  :

             I agree with the author that decisions to change the way  
             court services are provided should be carefully evaluated  
             to ensure they are both fair and cost-effective. However,  
             this measure goes too far. It requires California's courts  
             to meet overly detailed and - in some cases - nearly  
             impossible requirements when entering into or renewing  
             certain contracts. Other provisions are unclear and will  
             lead to confusion about what services may or may not be  
             subject to this measure. 

             The courts, like many of our governmental agencies, are  
             under tremendous funding pressure and face the challenge  
             of doing their work at a lower cost. I am unwilling to  
             restrict the flexibility of our courts, as specified in  
             this bill, as they face these challenges.

         
        Analysis Prepared by  :    Leora Gershenzon / JUD. / (916) 319-2334 


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