BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                          SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                                 Carol Liu, Chair
                            2013-2014 Regular Session
                                         

          BILL NO:       AB 939
          AUTHOR:        Melendez
          AMENDED:       June 18, 2013
          FISCAL COMM:   No             HEARING DATE:  June 26, 2013
          URGENCY:       No             CONSULTANT:Lynn Lorber

           NOTE  :  This bill has been referred to the Committees on  
          Education and Judiciary.  A "do pass" motion should include  
          referral to the Committee on Judiciary.

           SUBJECT  :  Automatic external defibrillators.
          
           SUMMARY
           
          This bill encourages schools to acquire and maintain at least  
          one automatic external defibrillator (AED) and authorizes  
          schools to solicit and receive non-state funds for automatic  
          external defibrillators.

           BACKGROUND
           
          The Education Code is silent relative to the acquisition,  
          maintenance, or use of automatic external defibrillators.

          Current law states that any person or entity that acquires a  
          defibrillator is not liable for any civil damages resulting  
          from any acts or omissions in the rendering of the emergency  
          care if that person or entity does all of the following:

          1)   Complies with all regulations governing the placement of  
               a defibrillator.

          2)   Ensures all of the following:

                    a)             The defibrillator is maintained and  
                    regularly tested, as specified.

                    b)             The defibrillator is checked for  
                    readiness, as specified.

                    c)             Any person who uses the  







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                    defibrillator activates the emergency medical  
                    services system and reports any use of the  
                    defibrillator to the licensed physician and local  
                    Emergency Medical Services agency.

                    d)             For every defibrillator acquired up  
                    to five units, at least one person per  
                    defibrillator must complete training, as specified.

                    e)             A written plan is in place that  
                    describes the procedures to follow in the event of  
                    an emergency.






           3)   When a defibrillator is placed in a public or private  
               K-12 school, a school principal is required to  :

                    a)             Ensure administrators and staff  
                    annually receive a brochure describing the proper  
                    use of the defibrillator.  The brochure is required  
                    to be approved as to contents and style by the  
                    American Heart Association or the American Red  
                    Cross.  The principal is also required to ensure  
                    that similar information is posted next to every  
                    defibrillator.  

                    b)             Annually notify school employees as  
                    to the location of all defibrillators on the  
                    campus.

                    c)             Designate the trained employees who  
                    shall be available to respond to an emergency that  
                    may involve the use of a defibrillator during the  
                    hours of classroom instruction and during any  
                    school-sponsored activity occurring on school  
                    grounds. 
                    (Health and Safety Code � 1797.196) 

          Current law:

          1)   Authorizes school districts to provide specified medical  
               services in connection with athletic events that are  







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               under the jurisdiction of, or sponsored or controlled  
               by, school districts.  These services include medical or  
               hospital insurance for pupils injured while  
               participating in athletic activities, and ambulance  
               service for pupils, instructors, spectators, and other  
               individuals in attendance at athletic activities.   
               (Education Code � 49470-49474.)

          2)   Provides that any person who, in good faith and not for  
               compensation, renders emergency care or treatment by the  
               use of a defibrillator at the scene of an emergency is  
               not liable for any civil damages resulting from any acts  
               or omissions in rendering the emergency care.  
               (Civil Code � 1714.21)

          3)   Provides that a person or entity that acquires a  
               defibrillator for emergency use is not liable for any  
               civil damages resulting from any acts or omissions in  
               the rendering of the emergency care by use of a  
               defibrillator, if that person or entity has complied  
               with the requirements listed in #1-3 above.  (Civil Code  
               � 1714.21)

          4)   Provides that the above protections do not apply in the  
               case of personal injury or wrongful death that result  
               from the gross negligence or willful or wanton  
               misconduct of the person who renders emergency care or  
               treatment by the use of a defibrillator.  (Civil Code �  
               1714.21)

           ANALYSIS
           
           This bill encourages schools to acquire and maintain at least  
          one automatic external defibrillator (AED) and authorizes  
          schools to solicit and receive non-state funds for automatic  
          external defibrillators.  Specifically, this bill:

          1)   Authorizes and encourages a school that chooses to  
               acquire and maintain, or continue to use and maintain an  
               existing, AED to do both of the following:

                    a)             Place an AED in a centralized  
                    location on campus for the purpose of preventing  
                    deaths resulting from sudden cardiac arrests among  
                    pupils, faculty, and visitors.  








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                    b)             Have the AED available for use at  
                    all school-sponsored athletic events.  An AED  
                    placed in a centralized location on campus serves  
                    as the AED that is available for athletic events  
                    that occur at the school campus.

          2)   Requires the school principal, when an AED is placed in  
               a public or private K-12 school, to do both of the  
               following:

                    a)             Notify, at least annually, all  
                    school employees of the location of all AED units  
                    on the campus.

                    b)             Designate only school employees who  
                    volunteer to be designated as AED volunteers to  
                    respond to an emergency that may involve the use of  
                    an AED.

          3)   Strikes the existing requirement in the Health and  
               Safety Code that the school principal:

                    a)             Ensure that the school  
                    administrators and staff annually receive a  
                    brochure, approved as to content and style by the  
                    American Heart Association or the American Red  
                    Cross that describes the proper use of an AED.

                    b)             Ensure that similar information is  
                    posted next to every AED.

                    c)             At least annually, notify school  
                    employees as to the location of all AED units on  
                    the campus.

                    d)             Designate the trained employees who  
                    are to be available to respond to an emergency that  
                    may involve the use of an AED during normal  
                    operating hours (as defined).

          4)   Provides that this bill does not alter the existing  
               requirement in the Health and Safety Code that the  
               school principal take specific action when an AED is  
               placed in the school (despite #3 above).

          5)   Exempts a school district whose employee uses, attempts  







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               to use, or does not use an AED to render emergency care  
               or treatment from liability for civil damages resulting  
               from any act of omission in rendering the emergency care  
               or treatment, including the use or nonuse of an  
               automatic external defibrillator (AED).

          6)   Exempts a school employee who complies with existing  
               Civil Code, which provides that any person who, in good  
               faith and not for compensation, renders emergency care  
               or treatment by the use of a defibrillator at the scene  
               of an emergency is not liable for any civil damages  
               resulting from any acts or omissions in rendering the  
               emergency care. 

          7)   Prohibits the exemptions described above from applying  
               in the case of personal injury or wrongful death that  
               results from gross negligence or willful or wanton  
               misconduct on the part of the person who uses, attempts  
               to use, or maliciously fails to use an AED to render  
               emergency care or treatment.

          8)   Authorizes public schools to solicit and receive  
               non-state funds to acquire and maintain an automatic  
               external defibrillator (AED).

          9)   Limits the use of non-state funds to the acquisition and  
               maintenance of an AED and provide training to school  
               employees regarding use of an AED.

          10)  Defines "school-sponsored athletic event" as a  
               school-sponsored extracurricular athletic activity,  
               which includes practice for and competition in an  
               interscholastic athletic sporting event held at any  
               location, including a non-public school facility.

          11)  States that it is the intent of the Legislature to  
               encourage all public schools to acquire and maintain at  
               least one AED.

           STAFF COMMENTS
           
           1)   Need for the bill  .  According to the author, "The  
               majority of California's children spend around 14,000  
               hours away from their parents and under the supervision  
               of the state while they receive an education at  
               California's K-12 public schools.  While under this  







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               supervision, parents should be confident that their  
               children are protected.  According to the American Heart  
               Association, sudden cardiac arrest kills over 300,000  
               people a year and is the leading cause of death in the  
               United States, though many of these 300,000 deaths could  
               have been saved with the use of an AED.  While children  
               or adults are on a public school campus they should be  
               protected from this epidemic, but schools are reluctant  
               to acquire an AED due to existing law, which does not  
               clearly protect school districts from any civil damages  
               if an AED is used in good faith on campuses."

           2)   Permissive Education Code  .  This bill encourages and  
               authorizes schools to take actions that may already be  
               undertaken under existing law, and therefore this bill  
               appears unnecessary.

           3)   Information and training  .  Current law (Health and  
               Safety Code) requires a school principal to take  
               specific action when an automatic external defibrillator  
               (AED) is placed in the school, including ensuring staff  
               annually receive a brochure describing the proper use of  
               an AED, annually notifying staff of the location of the  
               AED, and designating the trained employees who are to be  
               available to respond to an emergency that may involve  
               the use of an AED.  This bill strikes the existing  
               requirement that a principal take these actions and adds  
               weaker requirements to the Education Code, yet states  
               that the bill does not alter the existing requirements  
               for school principals when an automatic external  
               defibrillator (AED) is placed at a school.  Staff  
               recommends an amendment to reinstate the existing  
               requirements in the Health and Safety Code that school  
               principals take specific action when an AED is placed in  
               a school, and remove the weaker requirements this bill  
               adds to the Education Code.

          This bill has been double-referred to the Judiciary  
               Committee.  Due to timing relative to policy committee  
               deadlines, these amendments should be adopted while this  
               bill is in the Judiciary Committee.  

          4)   Athletics  .  The California Interscholastic Federation  
               does not have a bylaw regarding defibrillators, but does  
               recommend (in the Sports medicine Handbook) that a  
               defibrillator be included in the athletic training kit. 







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           5)   Liability  .  Existing Civil Code provisions provide  
               immunity from civil damages for any person or entity  
               that acquires a defibrillator for emergency use, and any  
               person who, in good faith and not for compensation,  
               renders emergency care or treatment by the use of a  
               defibrillator at the scene of an emergency.  These  
               protections do not apply in the case of personal injury  
               or wrongful death that result from the gross negligence  
               or willful or wanton misconduct of the person who  
               renders emergency care or treatment by the use of a  
               defibrillator. 

           6)   Technical amendment  .  This bill authorizes and  
               encourages schools to place an AED in a centralized  
               location on campus for the purpose of preventing deaths  
               resulting from sudden cardiac arrests among pupils,  
               faculty, and visitors.  Staff recommends an amendment to  
               also reference school employees.  On page 2, line 15,  
               after "faculty" add "employees"  

          This bill has been double-referred to the Judiciary  
               Committee.  Due to timing relative to policy committee  
               deadlines, these amendments should be adopted while this  
               bill is in the Judiciary Committee.

           7)   Fiscal impact  .  According to the Assembly Appropriations  
               Committee, this bill results in General Fund  
               (Proposition 98) cost pressure, likely at least  
               $500,000, to public schools to purchase an AED.  These  
               costs are not state reimbursable mandated costs because  
               the provisions of this bill are not required by school  
               districts.  This bill authorizes schools to seek  
               non-state funds to purchase defibrillators, but does not  
               require that only non-state funds be used for AEDs. 

          While this bill is flagged as non-fiscal, it has been  
               referred to the Senate Appropriations Committee for  
               consideration.

           8)   Prior legislation  .  SB 63 (Price, 2011) would have  
               required public high schools to meet specific  
               requirements if the school chose to have an AED,  
               including ensuring training of employees, maintenance of  
               the AED, and record keeping.  SB 63 was held on the  
               Senate Appropriations Committee's suspense file.







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           SUPPORT
           
          Association of California School Administrators
          California Association of Joint Powers Authorities
          California Medical Association
          Civil Justice Association
          Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors
          Emergency Medical Directors Association of California
          Emergency Medical Services Administrators Association
          Los Angeles County Office of Education
          Paramedics Plus

           OPPOSITION

           None on file.