Amended in Senate June 23, 2014

Amended in Assembly April 1, 2014

Amended in Assembly March 10, 2014

California Legislature—2013–14 Regular Session

Assembly Bill No. 1562

Introduced by Assembly Member Gomez

January 29, 2014

An act to amend Section 12945.2 of the Government Code, relating to employment.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

AB 1562, as amended, Gomez. Employment: leave.

The Moore-Brown-Roberti Family Rights Act makes it an unlawful employment practice for an employer, as defined, to refuse to grant a request by an eligible employee to take up to 12 workweeks of unpaid protected leave during any 12-month period (1) to bond with a child who was born to, adopted by, or placed for foster care with, the employee, (2) to care for the employee’s parent, spouse, or child who has a serious health condition, as defined, or (3) because the employee is suffering from a serious health condition rendering him or her unable to perform the functions of the job. Under the act, an employee is required to have more than 12 months of service with the employer and at least 1,250 hours of service with the employer during the previous 12-month period.

The act authorizes an employer to refuse to reinstate an employee returning from leave under specified circumstances.

This begin insert bill would designate an eligible employee as an entitled employee. The end insert bill, with respect to a public or private school employee, would require either 1,250 hours of service with the employer during the previous 12-month period or service during that period of at least 60% of the hours that an employee who is employed full time is required to perform in a school year.

The bill would exempt public and private school employees from that reinstatement exception.

Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: no.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1.  

Section 12945.2 of the Government Code is
amended to read:

12945.2.  

(a) Except as provided in subdivision (b), it is an
unlawful employment practice for an employer to refuse to grant
a request by an begin delete eligible end delete begin insert entitled end insert employee to take up to a total of
12 workweeks in any 12-month period for family care and medical
leave. Family care and medical leave requested pursuant to this
subdivision shall not be deemed to have been granted unless the
employer provides the employee, upon granting the leave request,
a guarantee of employment in the same or a comparable position
upon the termination of the leave. The commission shall adopt a
regulation specifying the elements of a reasonable request.

(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), it is not an unlawful
employment practice for an employer to refuse to grant a request
for family care and medical leave by an employee if the employer
employs fewer than 50 employees within 75 miles of the worksite
where that employee is employed.

(c) For purposes of this section:

(1) “Child” means a biological, adopted, or foster child, a
stepchild, a legal ward, or a child of a person standing in loco
parentis who is either of the following:

(A) Under 18 years of age.

(B) An adult dependent child.

(2) “Employer” means either of the following:

(A) Any person who directly employs 50 or more persons to
perform services for a wage or salary.

(B) The state, and any political or civil subdivision of the state
and cities.

(3)  begin delete “Eligible end delete begin insert “Entitled end insert employee” means an employee with
more than 12 months of service with the employer, and who
complies with one of the following:

(A) Has at least 1,250 hours of service with the employer during
the previous 12-month period.

(B) Is a public or private school employee who has served,
during the previous 12-month period, at least 60 percent of the
hours of service that an employee who is employed full time is
required to perform in a school year.

(4) “Family care and medical leave” means any of the following:

(A) Leave for reason of the birth of a child of the employee, the
placement of a child with an employee in connection with the
adoption or foster care of the child by the employee, or the serious
health condition of a child of the employee.

(B) Leave to care for a parent or a spouse who has a serious
health condition.

(C) Leave because of an employee’s own serious health
condition that makes the employee unable to perform the functions
of the position of that employee, except for leave taken for
disability on account of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical
conditions.

(5) “Employment in the same or a comparable position” means
employment in a position that has the same or similar duties and
pay that can be performed at the same or similar geographic
location as the position held prior to the leave.

(6) “FMLA” means the federal Family and Medical Leave Act
of 1993 (Public Law 103-3).

(7) “Health care provider” means any of the following:

(A) An individual holding either a physician’s and surgeon’s
certificate issued pursuant to Article 4 (commencing with Section
2080) of Chapter 5 of Division 2 of the Business and Professions
Code, an osteopathic physician’s and surgeon’s certificate issued
pursuant to Article 4.5 (commencing with Section 2099.5) of
Chapter 5 of Division 2 of the Business and Professions Code, or
an individual duly licensed as a physician, surgeon, or osteopathic
physician or surgeon in another state or jurisdiction, who directly
treats or supervises the treatment of the serious health condition.

(B) Any other person determined by the United States Secretary
of Labor to be capable of providing health care services under the
FMLA.

(8) “Parent” means a biological, foster, or adoptive parent, a
stepparent, a legal guardian, or other person who stood in loco
parentis to the employee when the employee was a child.

(9) “Serious health condition” means an illness, injury,
impairment, or physical or mental condition that involves either
of the following:

(A) Inpatient care in a hospital, hospice, or residential health
care facility.

(B) Continuing treatment or continuing supervision by a health
care provider.

(d) An employer shall not be required to pay an employee for
any leave taken pursuant to subdivision (a), except as required by
subdivision (e).

(e) An employee taking a leave permitted by subdivision (a)
may elect, or an employer may require the employee, to substitute,
for leave allowed under subdivision (a), any of the employee’s
accrued vacation leave or other accrued time off during this period
or any other paid or unpaid time off negotiated with the employer.
If an employee takes a leave because of the employee’s own serious
health condition, the employee may also elect, or the employer
may also require the employee, to substitute accrued sick leave
during the period of the leave. However, an employee shall not
use sick leave during a period of leave in connection with the birth,
adoption, or foster care of a child, or to care for a child, parent, or
spouse with a serious health condition, unless mutually agreed to
by the employer and the employee.

(f) (1) During any period that an begin delete eligible end delete begin insert entitled end insert employee
takes leave pursuant to subdivision (a) or takes leave that qualifies
as leave taken under the FMLA, the employer shall maintain and
pay for coverage under a “group health plan,” as defined in Section
5000(b)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, for the duration of the
leave, not to exceed 12 workweeks in a 12-month period,
commencing on the date leave taken under the FMLA commences,
at the level and under the conditions coverage would have been
provided if the employee had continued in employment
continuously for the duration of the leave. Nothing in the preceding
sentence shall preclude an employer from maintaining and paying
for coverage under a “group health plan” beyond 12 workweeks.
An employer may recover the premium that the employer paid as
required by this subdivision for maintaining coverage for the
employee under the group health plan if both of the following
conditions occur:

(A) The employee fails to return from leave after the period of
leave for which the employee is begin delete eligible end delete begin insert entitled end insert has expired.

(B) The employee’s failure to return from leave is for a reason
other than the continuation, recurrence, or onset of a serious health
condition that entitles the employee to leave under subdivision (a)
or other circumstances beyond the control of the employee.

(2) (A) Any employee taking leave pursuant to subdivision (a)
shall continue to be begin delete eligible end delete begin insert entitled end insert to participate in employee
health plans for any period during which coverage is not provided
by the employer under paragraph (1), employee benefit plans,
including life insurance or begin delete short-term end delete begin insert short end insert begin insert - end insert or long-term disability
or accident insurance, pension and retirement plans, and
supplemental unemployment benefit plans to the same extent and
under the same conditions as apply to an unpaid leave taken for
any purpose other than those described in subdivision (a). In the
absence of these conditions an employee shall continue to be
begin delete eligible end delete begin insert entitled end insert to participate in these plans and, in the case of
health and welfare employee benefit plans, including life insurance
or begin delete short-term end delete begin insert short end insert begin insert - end insert or long-term disability or accident insurance,
or other similar plans, the employer may, at his or her discretion,
require the employee to pay premiums, at the group rate, during
the period of leave not covered by any accrued vacation leave, or
other accrued time off, or any other paid or unpaid time off
negotiated with the employer, as a condition of continued coverage
during the leave period. However, the nonpayment of premiums
by an employee shall not constitute a break in service, for purposes
of longevity, seniority under any collective bargaining agreement,
or any employee benefit plan.

(B) For purposes of pension and retirement plans, an employer
shall not be required to make plan payments for an employee
during the leave period, and the leave period shall not be required
to be counted for purposes of time accrued under the plan.
However, an employee covered by a pension plan may continue
to make contributions in accordance with the terms of the plan
during the period of the leave.

(g) During a family care and medical leave period, the employee
shall retain employee status with the employer, and the leave shall
not constitute a break in service, for purposes of longevity, seniority
under any collective bargaining agreement, or any employee benefit
plan. An employee returning from leave shall return with no less
seniority than the employee had when the leave commenced, for
purposes of layoff, recall, promotion, job assignment, and
seniority-related benefits such as vacation.

(h) If the employee’s need for a leave pursuant to this section
is foreseeable, the employee shall provide the employer with
reasonable advance notice of the need for the leave.

(i) If the employee’s need for leave pursuant to this section is
foreseeable due to a planned medical treatment or supervision, the
employee shall make a reasonable effort to schedule the treatment
or supervision to avoid disruption to the operations of the employer,
subject to the approval of the health care provider of the individual
requiring the treatment or supervision.

(j) (1) An employer may require that an employee’s request
for leave to care for a child, a spouse, or a parent who has a serious
health condition be supported by a certification issued by the health
care provider of the individual requiring care. That certification
shall be sufficient if it includes all of the following:

(A) The date on which the serious health condition commenced.

(B) The probable duration of the condition.

(C) An estimate of the amount of time that the health care
provider believes the employee needs to care for the individual
requiring the care.

(D) A statement that the serious health condition warrants the
participation of a family member to provide care during a period
of the treatment or supervision of the individual requiring care.

(2) Upon expiration of the time estimated by the health care
provider in subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1), the employer may
require the employee to obtain recertification, in accordance with
the procedure provided in paragraph (1), if additional leave is
required.

(k) (1) An employer may require that an employee’s request
for leave because of the employee’s own serious health condition
be supported by a certification issued by his or her health care
provider. That certification shall be sufficient if it includes all of
the following:

(A) The date on which the serious health condition commenced.

(B) The probable duration of the condition.

(C) A statement that, due to the serious health condition, the
employee is unable to perform the function of his or her position.

(2) The employer may require that the employee obtain
subsequent recertification regarding the employee’s serious health
condition on a reasonable basis, in accordance with the procedure
provided in paragraph (1), if additional leave is required.

(3) (A) In any case in which the employer has reason to doubt
the validity of the certification provided pursuant to this section,
the employer may require, at the employer’s expense, that the
employee obtain the opinion of a second health care provider,
designated or approved by the employer, concerning any
information certified under paragraph (1).

(B) The health care provider designated or approved under
subparagraph (A) shall not be employed on a regular basis by the
employer.

(C) In any case in which the second opinion described in
subparagraph (A) differs from the opinion in the original
certification, the employer may require, at the employer’s expense,
that the employee obtain the opinion of a third health care provider,
designated or approved jointly by the employer and the employee,
concerning the information certified under paragraph (1).

(D) The opinion of the third health care provider concerning
the information certified under paragraph (1) shall be considered
to be final and shall be binding on the employer and the employee.

(4) As a condition of an employee’s return from leave taken
because of the employee’s own serious health condition, the
employer may have a uniformly applied practice or policy that
requires the employee to obtain certification from his or her health
care provider that the employee is able to resume work. Nothing
in this paragraph shall supersede a valid collective bargaining
agreement that governs the return to work of that employee.

(l) It is an unlawful employment practice for an employer to
refuse to hire, or to discharge, fine, suspend, expel, or discriminate
against, any individual because of any of the following:

(1) An individual’s exercise of the right to family care and
medical leave provided by subdivision (a).

(2) An individual’s giving information or testimony as to his or
her own family care and medical leave, or another person’s family
care and medical leave, in any inquiry or proceeding related to
rights guaranteed under this section.

(m) This section shall not be construed to require any changes
in existing collective bargaining agreements during the life of the
contract, or until January 1, 1993, whichever occurs first.

(n) The amendments made to this section by Chapter 827 of the
Statutes of 1993 shall not be construed to require any changes in
existing collective bargaining agreements during the life of the
contract, or until February 5, 1994, whichever occurs first.

(o) This section shall be construed as separate and distinct from
Section 12945.

(p) Leave provided for pursuant to this section may be taken in
one or more periods. The 12-month period during which 12
workweeks of leave may be taken under this section shall run
concurrently with the 12-month period under the FMLA, and shall
commence the date leave taken under the FMLA commences.

(q) In any case in which both parents begin delete eligible end delete begin insert entitled end insert for leave
under subdivision (a) are employed by the same employer, the
employer shall not be required to grant leave in connection with
the birth, adoption, or foster care of a child that would allow the
parents family care and medical leave totaling more than the
amount specified in subdivision (a).

(r) (1) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), an employer may refuse
to reinstate an employee returning from leave to the same or a
comparable position if all of the following apply:

(A) The employee is a salaried employee who is among the
highest paid 10 percent of the employer’s employees who are
employed within 75 miles of the worksite at which that employee
is employed.

(B) The refusal is necessary to prevent substantial and grievous
economic injury to the operations of the employer.

(C) The employer notifies the employee of the intent to refuse
reinstatement at the time the employer determines the refusal is
necessary under subparagraph (B).

(2) In any case in which the leave has already commenced, the
employer shall give the employee a reasonable opportunity to
return to work following the notice prescribed by subparagraph
(C).

(3) This subdivision does not apply to public or private school
employees.

(s) Leave taken by an employee pursuant to this section shall
run concurrently with leave taken pursuant to the FMLA, except
for any leave taken under the FMLA for disability on account of
pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. The aggregate
amount of leave taken under this section or the FMLA, or both,
except for leave taken for disability on account of pregnancy,
childbirth, or related medical conditions, shall not exceed 12
workweeks in a 12-month period. An employee begin delete may end delete begin insert is entitled to end insert
take, in addition to the leave provided for under this section and
the FMLA, the leave provided for in Section 12945, if the
employee is otherwise qualified for that leave.

(t) It is an unlawful employment practice for an employer to
interfere with, restrain, or deny the exercise of, or the attempt to
exercise, any right provided under this section.