BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






           SENATE TRANSPORTATION & HOUSING COMMITTEE       BILL NO: Ab 1857
          SENATOR MARK DESAULNIER, CHAIRMAN              AUTHOR:  frazier
                                                         VERSION: 3/28/14
          Analysis by:  Eric Thronson                    FISCAL:  yes
          Hearing date:  June 24, 2014



          SUBJECT:

          Caltrans equipment procurement

          DESCRIPTION:

          This bill permits the California Department of Transportation  
          (Caltrans) to conduct a pilot program to purchase and equip  
          heavy mobile fleet vehicles and special equipment by means of  
          best value procurement.

          ANALYSIS:

          Existing law requires the Department of General Services (DGS)  
          to investigate and establish the need for acquiring new  
          state-owned motor vehicles and for all state agencies to acquire  
          motor vehicles through, or under the supervision of, DGS.   
          Existing law further requires state agencies to award contracts  
          for goods and services to the lowest responsible bidder, with a  
          few limited exceptions.

           This bill  :

           Permits Caltrans to conduct a pilot program to purchase and  
            equip heavy mobile fleet vehicles and special equipment by  
            means of best value procurement.

           Defines best value procurement as a method of selecting a  
            proposal based on an evaluation of the following factors in  
            addition to price:
                 Total cost of ownership, including repair and  
               maintenance costs
                 Product performance, productivity, and safety standards
                 The supplier's ability to perform to the contract  
               requirements
                 Environmental benefits, including reduction of  
               greenhouse gas emissions, reduction of air pollutant  
               emissions, or reduction of toxic or hazardous materials




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           Requires Caltrans to develop and utilize a scoring method  
            based on these factors, with predetermined weighted values, as  
            well as price in determining the winning bid.

           Limits Caltrans' best value procurements to $20 million  
            annually.

           Requires DGS, by June 1, 2018, to evaluate Caltrans'  
            experience with best value procurement and for Caltrans to  
            post the evaluation on its website.  

           Repeals this pilot program on January 1, 2019.
          COMMENTS:

           1.Purpose  .  According to the author, this bill is intended to  
            provide Caltrans with an optional procurement method to  
            determine whether overall savings may be achieved by  
            evaluating factors other than price when purchasing heavy-duty  
            vehicles and equipment.  While the standard lowest responsible  
            bid procurement process provides a clear and objective measure  
            to ensure the lowest initial procurement cost, it prevents  
            Caltrans from considering other value-related factors when  
            purchasing heavy vehicles.  The author suggests that, while  
            initial procurement costs may be higher with best value  
            procurement, through this alternative procurement method  
            Caltrans will realize overall life-cycle cost savings.

           2.Experience suggests that best value procurement works  .   
            According to the National Association of State Procurement  
            Officials' 2011-2012 Survey of State Procurement Practices, 34  
            states use full life-cycle costs to determine contract awards  
            to vendors.  Studies suggest that results have generally been  
            good when public agencies utilize best value procurement,  
            despite the long-standing precedence for the low-bid  
            procurement system.

            Writing in support of this bill, Caterpillar Inc. and its  
            California dealers claim that the state would benefit from  
            moving to a life-cycle cost model for procuring heavy vehicles  
            and equipment.  They note that allowing Caltrans to make a  
            broader based evaluation of equipment purchase options will  
            attract qualified bidders and hold them accountable for  
            delivering the highest quality product.  They also note that  
            the result of including "downstream" operating costs  
            associated with equipment purchase decisions into  




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            solicitations and bids will likely result in lower overall  
            costs.  Caltrans subjects much of its heavy equipment to  
            strenuous, taxing work, and therefore factoring the cost of  
            the equipment over its entire lifespan appears reasonable and  
            responsible.

           3.What is the impact of this bill  ?  The bill's sponsor,  
            Transportation California, notes that the potential savings  
            resulting from this bill represents one of several measures  
            the organization is pursuing this year to address better and  
            more sustainable programs within Caltrans.  This bill may have  
            a significant impact, as Caltrans indicates that its current  
            equipment budget is $28.5 million, so the $20 million annual  
            limit of the pilot program would represent a large portion of  
            its annual equipment expenditure.

           4.Saving money vs. achieving environmental goals  .  Research  
            suggests that if Caltrans considers full life-cycle costs  
            during procurement of heavy equipment, it will experience  
            lower overall costs.  The author argues that cost savings is  
            the main goal of this bill.  If Caltrans makes its procurement  
            decisions based on the first three factors described in this  
            bill - namely, total life-cycle cost of ownership, product  
            performance, and the supplier's ability to perform warranty  
            work - it seems likely that the state could realize cost  
            savings through best value procurement.  The fourth evaluation  
            factor specified in this bill, the environmental benefits  
            expected from the purchase, however, seems unlikely to lead to  
            lower costs.  In fact, considering reduction of greenhouse gas  
            emissions during heavy equipment procurement is likely to  
            increase costs, given that clean-air technology is relatively  
            new and therefore often more expensive.  

            Existing law declares that it is the policy of this state to  
            establish a state transportation energy policy that results in  
            the least environmental and economic cost to the state and the  
            purchase of the cleanest and most efficient passenger and  
            light-duty automobiles for state vehicle fleets.  For example,  
            AB 236 (Lieu), Chapter 593, Statutes of 2007, required DGS by  
            2009 to update its vehicle purchasing methodology to rank the  
            environmental and energy benefits and costs of light-duty  
            motor vehicles.  Encouraging Caltrans to consider the  
            potential environmental impacts of its heavy equipment during  
            procurement is a reasonable goal and generally follows the  
            Legislature's attitude toward improving the state's  
            environment.  It likely will not, however, lead to cost  




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            savings for Caltrans.  If the goal of this bill is for  
            Caltrans to save money through an alternative procurement  
            method, the committee may wish to amend the bill to remove the  
            evaluation factor involving the potential environmental  
            benefits of a heavy vehicle purchase.
               
           5.Previous legislation  .  This bill is similar to AB 2403  
            (Smyth), Chapter 495, Statutes of 2008, which, despite being  
            passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor, was not  
            enacted because it was joined to a bill that then Governor  
            Schwarzenegger vetoed (AB 2560 [Lieu]).  
          
          Assembly Votes:

               Floor:    60-14
               Appr: 13-4
               Trans:    13-2

          POSITIONS:  (Communicated to the committee before noon on  
          Wednesday,                                             June 18,  
          2014.)

               SUPPORT:  Transportation California (sponsor)
                         California Manufacturers & Technology Association
                         California Taxpayers Association
                         Caterpillar, Inc.
                         John Deere

               OPPOSED:  None received.