BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                            Senator Loni Hancock, Chair              A
                             2013-2014 Regular Session               B

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          AB 1860 (V. Manuel Pérez)                                  0
          As Amended March 20, 2014
          Hearing date:  June 10, 2014
          Penal Code
          JRD:mc

                                   PEACE OFFICERS: 

                             BASIC TRAINING REQUIREMENT  


                                       HISTORY

          Source:  Chief Probation Officers of California 

          Prior Legislation: None 

          Support:   Los Angeles Probation Officers' Union, AFSCME, Local  
                   685; Riverside Sheriffs Association

          Opposition:None known

          Assembly Floor Vote:  Ayes  77 - Noes  0


                                         KEY ISSUE
           
          SHOULD PROBATION BE PERMITTED TO EXCLUDE THE GENERAL PUBLIC FROM  
          COMMISSION ON PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING (POST) CERTIFIED  
          TRAINING COURSES? 







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                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this legislation is to establish that a probation  
          department that is a certified provider of a specified peace  
          officer introductory training course on arrests and firearms  
          prescribed by POST is not required to offer the course to the  
          general public.

           Existing law  requires every peace officer, as specified, except  
          those whose employing agency prohibits the use of firearms, to  
          satisfactorily complete an introductory POST-prescribed  
          introductory training course and that satisfactory completion of  
          the course is to be demonstrated by passage of an appropriate  
          POST-developed or approved examination.  (Penal Code § 832(a).)

           Existing law  requires every peace officer, as specified, to  
          satisfactorily complete the course described above prior to  
          exercising the powers of a peace officer, and states that peace  
          officers who have not satisfactorily completed the introductory  
          training course do not have peace officer powers until they  
          satisfactorily complete the course.  (Penal Code §§ 832 (b) and  
          (c).)

           Existing law  requires any person completing the introductory  
          training course described above who does not become employed as  
          a peace officer within 3 years from the date of passing the  
          examination, or who has a 3 year or longer break in service as a  
          peace officer, to pass the examination prior to exercising peace  
          officer powers, except for any person who meets any of the  
          following requirements: 

                 Is returning to a management position that is at the  
               second level of supervision or higher;
                 Has successfully requalified for a basic course through  
               the POST;
                 Has maintained proficiency through teaching the  
               introductory training course described above;
                 During the break in California service, was continuously  
               employed as a peace officer in another state or at the  




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               federal level; or,
                 Has previously satisfactorily completed the introductory  
               training course and passed the appropriate examination; has  
               been appointed as a peace officer, as specified; and has  
               been continuously employed as a custodial officer, as  
               defined, by the agency making the peace officer appointment  
               since completing the introductory training course.  (Penal  
               Code § 832(e).)

           Existing law  authorizes POST, notwithstanding any other law, to  
          charge appropriate fees, not exceeding actual costs, for the  
          examination required to demonstrate satisfactory completion of  
          the introductory training course to each applicant who is not  
          sponsored by a local or other law enforcement agency; is not a  
          peace officer employed by, or under consideration for employment  
          by, a state or local agency, department, or district; or is not  
          a custodial officer, as defined.  (Penal Code § 832(g).)

           Existing law  provides that no course can be certified that  
          restricts attendance to a single agency, unless the purpose of  
          the course is to improve that agency and attendance by  
          non-agency personnel would jeopardize the success of the course.  
           (11 CCR 1052.)

           This bill  provides that a probation department that is a  
          certified provider of a specified peace officer introductory  
          training course on arrests and firearms prescribed by POST is  
          not required to offer the course to the general public.
                                          

                    RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION

          For the last several years, severe overcrowding in California's  
          prisons has been the focus of evolving and expensive litigation  
          relating to conditions of confinement.  On May 23, 2011, the  
          United States Supreme Court ordered California to reduce its  
          prison population to 137.5 percent of design capacity within two  
          years from the date of its ruling, subject to the right of the  
          state to seek modifications in appropriate circumstances.   




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          Beginning in early 2007, Senate leadership initiated a policy to  
          hold legislative proposals which could further aggravate the  
          prison overcrowding crisis through new or expanded felony  
          prosecutions.  Under the resulting policy, known as "ROCA"  
          (which stands for "Receivership/ Overcrowding Crisis  
          Aggravation"), the Committee held measures that created a new  
          felony, expanded the scope or penalty of an existing felony, or  
          otherwise increased the application of a felony in a manner  
          which could exacerbate the prison overcrowding crisis.  Under  
          these principles, ROCA was applied as a content-neutral,  
          provisional measure necessary to ensure that the Legislature did  
          not erode progress towards reducing prison overcrowding by  
          passing legislation, which would increase the prison population.  
            

          In January of 2013, just over a year after the enactment of the  
          historic Public Safety Realignment Act of 2011, the State of  
          California filed court documents seeking to vacate or modify the  
          federal court order requiring the state to reduce its prison  
          population to 137.5 percent of design capacity.  The State  
          submitted that the, ". . .  population in the State's 33 prisons  
          has been reduced by over 24,000 inmates since October 2011 when  
          public safety realignment went into effect, by more than 36,000  
          inmates compared to the 2008 population . . . , and by nearly  
          42,000 inmates since 2006 . . . ."  Plaintiffs opposed the  
          state's motion, arguing that, "California prisons, which  
          currently average 150% of capacity, and reach as high as 185% of  
          capacity at one prison, continue to deliver health care that is  
          constitutionally deficient."  In an order dated January 29,  
          2013, the federal court granted the state a six-month extension  
          to achieve the 137.5 % inmate population cap by December 31,  
          2013.  

          The Three-Judge Court then ordered, on April 11, 2013, the state  
          of California to "immediately take all steps necessary to comply  
          with this Court's . . . Order . . . requiring defendants to  
          reduce overall prison population to 137.5% design capacity by  
          December 31, 2013."  On September 16, 2013, the State asked the  




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          Court to extend that deadline to December 31, 2016.  In  
          response, the Court extended the deadline first to January 27,  
          2014 and then February 24, 2014, and ordered the parties to  
          enter into a meet-and-confer process to "explore how defendants  
          can comply with this Court's June 20, 2013 Order, including  
          means and dates by which such compliance can be expedited or  
          accomplished and how this Court can ensure a durable solution to  
          the prison crowding problem."

          The parties were not able to reach an agreement during the  
          meet-and-confer process.  As a result, the Court ordered  
          briefing on the State's requested extension and, on February 10,  
          2014, issued an order extending the deadline to reduce the  
          in-state adult institution population to 137.5% design capacity  
          to February 28, 2016.  The order requires the state to meet the  
          following interim and final population reduction benchmarks:

                 143% of design bed capacity by June 30, 2014;
                 141.5% of design bed capacity by February 28, 2015; and
                 137.5% of design bed capacity by February 28, 2016. 

          If a benchmark is missed the Compliance Officer (a position  
          created by the February 10, 2016 order) can order the release of  
          inmates to bring the State into compliance with that benchmark.   



















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          In a status report to the Court dated May 15, 2014, the state  
          reported that as of May 14, 2014, 116,428 inmates were housed in  
          the State's 34 adult institutions, which amounts to 140.8% of  
          design bed capacity, and 8,650 inmates were housed in  
          out-of-state facilities.   

          The ongoing prison overcrowding litigation indicates that prison  
          capacity and related issues concerning conditions of confinement  
          remain unresolved.  While real gains in reducing the prison  
          population have been made, even greater reductions may be  
          required to meet the orders of the federal court.  Therefore,  
          the Committee's consideration of ROCA bills -bills that may  
          impact the prison population - will be informed by the following  
          questions:

                 Whether a measure erodes realignment and impacts the  
               prison population;
                 Whether a measure addresses a crime which is directly  
               dangerous to the physical safety of others for which there  
               is no other reasonably appropriate sanction; 
                 Whether a bill corrects a constitutional infirmity or  
               legislative drafting error; 
                 Whether a measure proposes penalties which are  
               proportionate, and cannot be achieved through any other  
               reasonably appropriate remedy; and,
                 Whether a bill addresses a major area of public safety  
               or criminal activity for which there is no other  
               reasonable, appropriate remedy.


                                      COMMENTS

          1.   Peace Officer "Arrest and Firearm" Training Course
           
          The introductory training course prescribed in Penal Code  
          section 832, subdivision (a) is commonly referred to as the "PC  
          832 Arrest and Firearms" course and is the minimum training  
          standard required of California peace officers in order to  
          exercise peace officer powers.  According to POST, this course  




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          is the "entry-level training requirement for many California  
          peace officers."   
          (http://post.ca.gov/regular-basic-course.aspx.)  The course can  
          be completed through a 664-hour-minimum Standard Format training  
          or a 730-hour-minimum Modular Format, which can be taken over an  
          extended period of time.  (Id.)  The curriculum for the course  
          is divided among 41 topics called "Learning Domains," which  
          "contain the minimum required foundational information for given  
          subjects."  (Id.)  The Learning Domains include the following  
          topics: leadership, professionalism, and ethics; criminal  
          justice system; policing in the community; laws of arrests;  
          search and seizure; presentation of evidence; investigative  
          report writing; use of force; crime scene, evidence, and  
          forensics; arrest and control; firearms/chemical agents; and,  
          cultural diversity/discrimination.   
          (http://post.ca.gov/pc-832-arrest-and-firearms-training-specifica 
          tions.aspx.)  

           2.   Effect of Legislation

           This legislation would allow probation departments to offer  
          POST-certified courses, without having to offer them to the  
          general public.  Specifically, according to the Chief Probation  
          Officers, 

               AB 1860 would specify that county probation  
               departments who are certified presenters of the PC 832  
               training by POST are not required to offer the courses  
               to the general public.  These courses can be expensive  
               and have many requirements (certified instructors,  
               testing and training specifications, student/teacher  
               ratios, qualified facilities and ranges) so putting  
               them on can be cost prohibitive.  This measure assists  
               probation departments who wish to become certified  
               providers of PC 832 by only requiring that they offer  
               courses to law enforcement entities so that courses  
               can be held, as needed, to fulfill training demands.













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