BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 1935
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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 1935 (Campos)
          As Amended  May 6, 2014
          Majority vote 

           NATURAL RESOURCES   9-0         UTILITIES & COMMERCE       13-0 
           
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          |Ayes:|Chesbro, Dahle, Bigelow,  |Ayes:|Bradford, Patterson,      |
          |     |Garcia, Muratsuchi,       |     |Bonilla, Buchanan, Dahle, |
          |     |Patterson, Skinner,       |     |Fong, Beth Gaines,        |
          |     |Stone, Williams           |     |Garcia, Robert Hern�ndez, |
          |     |                          |     |Jones, Mullin, Quirk,     |
          |     |                          |     |Rendon                    |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
           APPROPRIATIONS      17-0                                        
           
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Ayes:|Gatto, Bigelow,           |     |                          |
          |     |Bocanegra, Bradford, Ian  |     |                          |
          |     |Calderon, Campos,         |     |                          |
          |     |Donnelly, Eggman, Gomez,  |     |                          |
          |     |Holden, Jones, Linder,    |     |                          |
          |     |Pan, Quirk,               |     |                          |
          |     |Ridley-Thomas, Wagner,    |     |                          |
          |     |Weber                     |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |     |                          |     |                          |
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           SUMMARY  :  Revises the scope of an existing biennial report on  
          the electricity grid impacts of distributed generation (DG) to  
          focus on "clean distributed energy resources" and defines this  
          term for purposes of the bill.  Specifically,  this bill  :  

           1)Requires future reports to include "clean distributed energy  
            resources" as defined.

          2)Defines "clean distributed energy resources" as any of the  
            following: 

             a)   A clean energy generating technology that meets all of  
               the following criteria:








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               i)     Produces electricity, or electricity and useful  
                 heat. 

               ii)    Has a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions factor that is  
                 less than or equal to an emissions factor for electricity  
                 determined by the Air Resources Board (ARB).

               iii)   Has an oxide of nitrogen (NOx) emissions rate that  
                 is less than or equal to the NOx emission limit set by  
                 ARB in its DG certification regulation. 

               iv)    Has a nameplate rated generation capacity of 20 or  
                 less megawatts (MW). 

             b)   An eligible renewable energy resource, as defined in  
               Public Utilities Code Section 399.12, that has a nameplate  
               generation capacity of 20 or less MW. 

             c)   Demand response that provides reliability benefits. 

             d)   An energy storage technology that stores energy from a  
               technology or resource specified above.

           EXISTING LAW  requires the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) to  
          study and report to the Legislature and Governor on the impacts  
          of DG on the state's distribution and transmission grid.  

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee, increased costs to the PUC in the range of $150,000  
          to expand the scope of its existing report.
           
          COMMENTS  :  The PUC has hired consulting firms to prepare two "DG  
          impacts" reports since AB 578 (Blakeslee), Chapter 627, Statutes  
          of 2008, was enacted.  The most recent report, "Biennial Report  
          on Impacts of Distributed Generation," prepared by Black &  
          Veatch, was published by the PUC in May 2013.  According to the  
          report:

               Governor Brown has established a highlevel goal for  
               California to achieve 12,000 MW of renewable DG by  
               2020.  California has had a history of encouraging the  
               development of smaller generation facilities that  
               connected directly at the distribution level of the  








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               electricity system.  DG growth has been spurred by  
               several governmentsponsored incentive programs.  The  
               California Energy Commissions Emerging Renewables  
               Program (ERP) was funded as a result of AB 1890, and  
               provided support to emerging renewable projects on the  
               customerside of the meter.  The CPUCs SelfGeneration  
               Incentive Program (SGIP), which was started in  
               response to the energy crisis in 2001, offered  
               incentives for DG projects located at utility customer  
               sites.  The SGIP program supported a variety of  
               distributed generation technologies including solar  
               photovoltaic (PV), wind, fuel cells, and other  
               conventional technologies.  When the California Solar  
               Initiative (CSI) program and several related programs  
               began in 2007 as a result of SB 1 (Murray, 2006), with  
               a goal of promoting 3,000 MW of distributed solar in  
               the state, support for solar PV technologies was  
               shifted from the SGIP program to the CSI program.

               The 2010 (DG impacts) Report addressed the installed  
               DG in California under the SGIP and CSI programs as  
               well as net energy metering (NEM) and nonNEM projects  
               interconnected to the three investorowned utilities  
               (IOUs) through September of 2009.  Since then, new  
               programs have been launched to promote more DG in the  
               state; both on the customer side of the meter and on  
               the wholesale side, and installations have increased  
               dramatically under existing programs.  Black & Veatch  
               reviewed program data to determine the total amount of  
               DG that has been installed.  The eight customerside  
               programs include:

                     California Solar Initiative (CSI)
                    o           General Market (GM)
                    o           Multifamily Affordable Solar Housing  
                      (MASH)
                    o           Singlefamily Affordable Solar Housing  
                      (SASH)
                     SB 1 PubliclyOwned Utility (POU) Programs
                     New Solar Homes Partnership (NSHP)
                     SelfGeneration Incentive Program (SGIP)
                     Emerging Renewables Program (ERP)  no longer  
                 active as of June 2012
                     Renewable Energy SelfGeneration Bill Credit  








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                 Transfer (RESBCT) Program

               The impacts of DG on the distribution and transmission  
               system today are not adequately quantified, but are  
               believed to be relatively low.  The lack of observed  
               impacts can be attributed to several reasons:

                     Currently about 90 percent of connected DG  
                 capacity is on the customerside of the meter.
                     Customerside DG systems are typically small.
                     The current penetration level of DG is low.
                     At the given penetration levels, the  
                 interconnection process and requirements have  
                 successfully mitigated impacts before they occur.
                     There is a general lack of monitoring DG system  
                 output and of the effects of DG systems on the grid  
                 (that is, utilities do not have the appropriate  
                 tools to systematically collect and evaluate data on  
                 problems or benefits attributable to DG).

               For these reasons, it is difficult to quantify the  
               impacts of customerside DG on the grid.  It is  
               expected by many that impacts will increase as DG  
               penetration increases.  However, to be able to  
               quantify the impacts, the utilities will need to begin  
               systematically monitoring, evaluating, and associating  
               such impacts with DG systems.

               The expected impacts would first occur on the  
               distribution system because of the direct connection  
               of DG to the distribution system.  However, as the  
               penetration of DG increases, the impacts will roll up  
               to the transmission system.  What many industry  
               observers agree on is "DG that is at the 'right place  
               at the right time' will create the greatest value,  
               while additional electricity supply in the wrong place  
               at the wrong time could result in added costs to the  
               system," as stated in a report published by Rocky  
               Mountain Institute and PG&E in March 2012.  ("Net  
               Energy Metering, Zero Net Energy, and the Distributed  
               Energy Resource Future: Adapting Electric Utility  
               Business Models for the 21st Century," Rocky Mountain  
               Institute, Snowmass, CO, March 2012.)  However, it is  
               difficult to develop quantitative measuring and  








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               monitoring protocols to systematically gauge whether  
               DG is being deployed at the right place at the right  
               time, and there has been no effort yet in California  
               to do so.


           Analysis Prepared by :    Lawrence Lingbloom / NAT. RES. / (916)  
          319-2092 


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