BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  AB 2092
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          Date of Hearing:   April 29, 2014

                       ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCATION
                                 Das Williams, Chair
                    AB 2092 (Chávez) - As Amended:  April 1, 2014
           
          SUBJECT  :   Postsecondary education: Donahoe Higher Education  
          Act: 4-year baccalaureate degree.

           SUMMARY  :   Requires the Trustees of the California State  
          University (CSU), and requests the Regents of the University of  
          California (UC), to offer to eligible students, as specified, an  
          agreement guaranteeing that a student who meets certain  
          conditions, as specified, may complete a baccalaureate degree  
          within 4 academic years.  Specifically,  this bill  :  

          1)Requires the CSU Trustees, and requests the UC Regents, to  
            offer eligible students an agreement guaranteeing that a  
            student who meets certain conditions may complete a  
            baccalaureate degree within 4 academic years.

          2)Specifies that an institution may provide for a longer period  
            of completion for programs such as engineering or teacher  
            training that may require more than 4 academic years to  
            complete, but under no circumstances may the time to  
            baccalaureate degree agreed to under the parameters  
            established in this measure extend beyond 5 academic years.

          3)Delineates that the agreement entered into shall comply with  
            all of the following:

             a)   A student who scores in an unspecified percentile or  
               above on any standardized college readiness assessment  
               test, such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test, ACT, or any  
               other widely administered college readiness examination,  
               shall be presumed to be eligible to enter into the  
               agreement; and, a student who scores below the top  
               unspecified percentile, but above an unspecified percentile  
               may take another test of the institution's choice, and the  
               institution shall establish a cut-off score for eligibility  
               for the program pursuant to that test;

             b)   The agreement shall be executed by a student and an  
               authorized representative of the institution before the end  
               of the student's first semester or quarter of enrollment at  








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               the institution;

             c)   The agreement shall outline a general pathway for the  
               coursework that the student must complete in order to  
               continue to be qualified for the guarantee and receive his  
               or her baccalaureate within the agreed-upon time;

             d)   The student shall not be required to declare a major  
               field until the spring semester or quarter of the student's  
               sophomore year;

             e)   The student shall be required to be a full-time student  
               and maintain academic standards equivalent to those  
               required for receipt of Cal Grant awards;

             f)   A student may also be required to attend orientation  
               sessions and student success workshops in order to remain  
               eligible for the guarantee;

             g)   A student who executes an agreement shall be granted  
               priority for enrollment for each course that is part of the  
               general pathway outlined as part of the agreement, as  
               specified; and,

             h)   A student who meets all of the requirements of the  
               agreement and, through no fault of his or her own, is  
               unable to complete his or her baccalaureate degree within  
               the guaranteed period shall pay no tuition to take the  
               additional coursework required to complete that degree.

           EXISTING LAW  declares that it is the policy of the Legislature  
          that all resident applicants to California institutions of  
          public higher education, who are determined to be qualified by  
          law or by admission standards, as established by the respective  
          governing boards of the institutions, should be admitted to  
          either a community college, CSU, or UC campus (Education Code §  
          66011).

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS :    Purpose of the bill  .  According to the author, over  
          the past 10 years it has become increasingly difficult for  
          students entering into the CSU to graduate in 4 academic years  
          because they cannot access the courses needed.  The author  
          states, "By requiring each CSU and requesting each UC to develop  








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          a graduation contract, the school and the student each become  
          accountable for the student's education and graduation date."   
          The author argues, "The contract can also be used as a tool of  
          the colleges to recruit top performing students who are  
          increasingly tempted to attend private and out-of-state schools  
          which can guarantee graduation in 4 years."
           
          Background  .  Graduation rates on college campuses have become an  
          important national issue.  In 2010 President Obama called for  
          raising the college graduation rate among 25 to 34 year olds to  
          60% by 2020, a 20% increase in just ten years.  Governor Jerry  
          Brown has set as a goal for each of the State's public  
          universities a 10% increase in the proportion graduating in four  
          years.

          According to the January 2014 report, "California's Future:   
          Higher Education, by the Public Policy Institute of California  
          (PPIC), three of every four bachelor's degrees awarded annually  
          come from either a CSU or UC.  PPIC found that compared to other  
          states, California's college-bound high school graduates are  
          more likely to enroll in community colleges than in four-year  
          colleges or universities.  However, according to PPIC, lack of  
          preparation for college-level work and lack of financial  
          resources keep many students from advancing in the higher  
          education system.  

          PPIC found that only about half of CSU students graduate within  
          6 years of entering as freshmen and that 4 of every 5 students  
          earn a degree within 6 years at the UC.

           Budgetary constraints  .  According to the January 2014 PPIC  
          report, over the past few decades, California's public higher  
          education institutions have faced disproportionate cuts in state  
          funding.  For every General Fund (GF) dollar for corrections in  
          2001-02, the state spent $1.89 for UC, CSU, and the community  
          colleges; by 2011-12, the state spent only $0.82 on UC, CSU, and  
          the community colleges for every dollar it spent on corrections.

          Additionally, PPIC contends that over the past 10 years, per  
          student GF allocations per student have fallen by more than 40%  
          at CSU and by more than 50% at UC.  California's public higher  
          education institutions have responded to funding cuts by  
          reducing expenses, including administrative and faculty costs,  
          and increasing tuition and fees.  PPIC notes that the revenue  
          generated by tuition and fee increases has not fully compensated  








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          for GF cuts.  Therefore, enrollment has been restricted even in  
          the face of strong and growing demand.  Hundreds of thousands of  
          Californians have not been able to enroll in college, and those  
          who do enroll are facing higher costs.

           Four-year degree programs  .  This measure requires the CSU  
          Trustees and requests the UC Regents to offer to eligible  
          students, as specified, an agreement guaranteeing that a student  
          who meets certain conditions may complete a baccalaureate degree  
          in 4 years.  

           1)CSU  .  According to the CSU's systemwide Degree-Seeking  
            First-Time Full-Time Freshmen Report, the number of CSU  
            first-time freshmen systemwide in fall of 2007 was 50,866;  
            after 4 years, 15.9% graduated, with 45.7% continuing on to  
            additional year(s) of study.  Additionally, first-time  
            freshmen systemwide in fall of 2008 was 51,409; after 4 years,  
            16.2% graduated, with 47.5% continuing on to additional  
            year(s) of study.
             
             Currently, according to the CSU 2014-14 Admission Handbook,  
            the CSU encourages all students who wish to graduate in four  
            years to take advantage of CSU's 4-year degree programs.  Each  
            CSU campus has developed a four year program responsive to the  
            needs of the campus community.  The common core component for  
            all 4-year degree plans is a strong advisement program.   
            Students are expected to meet with advisors each term to plan  
            a program of study that will assure appropriate progress  
            toward meeting degree requirements.  

            Students participating in the CSU 4-year degree program must:   
            1) Arrive with English and mathematics skills needed to handle  
            the demands of university study; 2) Declare a major at the  
            time of admission (or shortly thereafter) and not change  
            majors; 3) Enroll in a minimum of 15 semester/quarter units  
            each term; 4) Fulfill all academic, grade, and coursework  
            requirements; 5) Meet with an academic advisor on a regular  
            basis and heed advice given; 6) Follow required administrative  
            and academic policies and procedures; and 7) Meet the unit  
            requirement (120-132 semester/180-198 quarter units) for the  
            baccalaureate degree sought.  Campuses must:  1) Ensure  
            regular academic counseling; 2) Provide required courses; and,  
            3) Schedule sufficient class offerings.  

            Presently, it is unclear how many CSU students are taking  








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            advantage of the CSU 4-year degree program and how many of the  
            23 campuses are actively promoting their 4-year degree  
            program.  To note, Cal Poly Pomona has an active 4-year  
            graduation program whereby they have a pledge with their  
            4-year degree program students.  Cal Poly Pomona students must  
            pledge that they:  1) will remain in the same major they  
            selected when they entered the institution; 2) will  
            successfully complete 25% of the required units for their  
            degree per year to ensure meeting the minimum graduation  
            requirements appropriate to the major; 3) will maintain a  
            minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.2; and 4) must  
            earn a "C" or better or credit/no credit in all course work  
            taken.  Cal Poly Pomona in turn pledges to the 4-year degree  
            program students that if required course or appropriate  
            substitutions are not available during the tenure of their  
            program, the participating students will not be required to  
            pay tuition fees otherwise required to subsequently register  
            and enroll in courses necessary for graduation.

           2)UC  .  According to the UC, their first-time freshmen 4-year  
            graduation rates (systemwide roughly 60% of entering freshmen  
            graduate in 4 years), are well above the national average.   
            However, UC Riverside (UCR), has a significantly lower  
            percentage of their entering freshmen graduating in 4 years. 

            UCR is presently considering an initiative to create a 4-year  
            graduation contract with their students.  It is unclear as to  
            when UCR will determine if indeed they will launch this  
            initiative.

          Committee considerations  .  This measure allows students  
          participating in the created 4-year completion program to not  
          have to declare a major field of study until the spring semester  
          or quarter of the students' sophomore year.  If students wait  
          this long to declare their major field of study, will this truly  
          allow for them to graduate in 4 years?  Staff recommends that  
          the author amend this provision to instead:  specify that each  
          campus shall determine the latest possible time for a  
          participating student in the 4-year degree contract program to  
          declare a major, but that a participating student shall declare  
          his or her major no later than the fall semester/quarter of his  
          or her sophomore year.

          As aforementioned, it is presently unclear how many of the  
          campuses are encouraging their students to sign up for their  








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          4-year graduation program.  Instead of codifying the 4-year  
          graduation program, the committee may wish to consider amending  
          this measure to require the CSU to increase their efforts in  
          ensuring entering freshmen are aware of the CSU's 4-year degree  
          program.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          None on file.

           Opposition 
           
          None on file.
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :    Jeanice Warden / HIGHER ED. / (916)  
          319-3960