BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                            



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                                    THIRD READING


          Bill No:  AB 2533
          Author:   Ammiano (D)
          Amended:  8/19/14 in Senate
          Vote:     21


           SENATE HEALTH COMMITTEE  :  6-2, 6/25/14
          AYES:  Hernandez, Beall, De Le�n, DeSaulnier, Evans, Monning
          NOES:  Morrell, Nielsen
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Wolk

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  5-1, 8/14/14
          AYES:  De Le�n, Hill, Lara, Padilla, Steinberg
          NOES:  Gaines
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Walters

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  44-28, 5/28/14 - See last page for vote


           SUBJECT  :    Health care coverage:  non-contracting providers

           SOURCE  :     California Nurses Association/National Nurses United


           DIGEST  :    This bill requires a health plan or health insurer to  
          arrange for, or assist an enrollee or insured in arranging for,  
          the enrollee or insured to receive the care or service in an  
          accessible and timely manner from a non-contracting provider,  
          and prohibits a health plan or insurer from imposing copayments,  
          coinsurance, or deductibles on the enrollee or insured that  
          exceed what the enrollee or insured would pay for services from  
          a contracting provider.  This bill also prohibits a  
          non-contracting provider that agrees to provide services under  
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          provisions of this bill from billing an enrollee or insured for  
          any amount in excess of the in-network reimbursement rate.

           ANALYSIS  :    

          Existing law:

          1.Establishes the Department of Managed Health Care (DMHC) to  
            regulate health plans under the Knox-Keene Health Care Service  
            Plan Act of 1975 (Knox-Keene Act), and the Department of  
            Insurance (CDI) to regulate health insurers under the  
            Insurance Code.

          2.Requires DMHC to develop and adopt regulations to ensure that  
            health plan enrollees have access to health care services in a  
            timely manner, and requires DMHC to develop indicators of  
            timeliness and consider the following:

             A.   Waiting times for appointments with physicians and  
               specialists;

             B.   Timeliness of care in an episode of illness, including  
               timeliness to referrals; and

             C.   Waiting time to speak to a physician, registered nurse  
               or other qualified health professional.

          1.Requires contracts between health plans and health care  
            providers to assure compliance with the timely access  
            standards developed by DMHC.  Requires the contracts to  
            require reporting by health care providers to health plans and  
            by health plans to DMHC to ensure compliance with the  
            standards.

          2.Requires health plans to report annually to DMHC on compliance  
            with the timely access standards.

          3.Requires DMHC to work with the Office of the Patient Advocate  
            to assure that the quality of care report card incorporates  
            information provided regarding the degree to which health  
            plans and health care providers comply with the requirements  
            of timely access to care.

          4.Requires DMHC to review information regarding compliance with  

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            the timely access standards and to make recommendations for  
            changes that further protect enrollees.

          5.Requires the CDI Insurance Commissioner (IC) to promulgate  
            regulations applicable to health insurers to ensure that  
            insureds have the opportunity to access needed health care  
            services in a timely manner.  Requires these regulations to be  
            designed to assure accessibility of provider services in a  
            timely manner to individuals comprising the insured or  
            contracted group pursuant to the benefits covered.  Requires  
            the regulations to assure:

             A.   Adequacy of number and locations of providers in  
               relationship to size and location of group and that  
               services are available at reasonable times;

             B.   Adequacy of number and license classifications in  
               relationship to projected demand;

             C.   The policy or contract is not inconsistent with  
               standards of good health and clinically appropriate care;  
               and

             D.   All contracts are fair and reasonable.

          1.Requires pursuant to regulation, in determining whether an  
            insurer's arrangements for network provider services comply  
            with the regulations, the IC to consider to the extent the IC  
            deems necessary, the practices of comparable plans licensed  
            under the Knox-Keene Act.

          This bill:

          1.Requires, if an enrollee or insured is unable to obtain a  
            medically necessary covered service in an accessible and  
            timely manner from a contracted provider, the health plan or  
            insurer to arrange for, or assist the enrollee in arranging to  
            receive accessible and timely care or services from a  
            non-contracting provider, and prohibits the imposition of  
            copayments, coinsurance, or deductibles on the enrollee that  
            exceed what the enrollee or insured would pay for services  
            from a contracting provider.

          2.Prohibits a non-contracting provider that agrees to provide  

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            services under provisions of this bill from billing an  
            enrollee or insured for any amount in excess of the in-network  
            reimbursement note.

          3.Requires health plans and health insurers to report annually  
            to their regulator on any and all occurrences of denial of  
            care and on complaints received by the health plan or insurer  
            regarding accessible and timely access to care.  Requires DMHC  
            and CDI to review these complaints and any complaints received  
            by the regulators regarding accessibility or timeliness of  
            care and annually prepare and post on their Internet Web site  
            a report on the information received.

          4.Requires the CDI IC, on or before January 1, 2016, to  
            promulgate regulations pursuant to this bill and existing law  
            to ensure that insureds have the opportunity to access  
            medically necessary health care services in an accessible and  
            timely manner.  Requires every three years, the IC to review  
            the latest version of the adopted regulations and determine if  
            the regulations should be updated to further the intent of  
            this bill.

          5.Authorizes the IC to investigate and take enforcement action  
            against insurers regarding non-compliance with the  
            requirements of this bill and existing law.

          6.Authorizes the IC to, by order, assess administrative  
            penalties for violations of this bill and existing law subject  
            to appropriate notice of, and the opportunity for, a hearing,  
            as specified.

          7.Authorizes an insurer to provide to the IC, and the IC to  
            consider, information regarding the insurer's overall  
            compliance with the requirements of this bill.  Provides that  
            the administrative penalties available to the IC pursuant to  
            this bill are not exclusive and may be sought and employed in  
            any combination with civil, criminal, and other administrative  
            remedies as determined by the IC.

           Background
           
           DMHC and CDI Timely Access  .  DMHC's Timely Access to  
          Non-Emergency Health Care Services Regulation (Timely Access  
          Regulation) became effective January 17, 2010.  The purpose of  

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          the Timely Access Regulation is to fully implement AB 2179  
          (Cohn, Chapter 797, Statutes of 2002) which directed DMHC and  
          CDI to adopt regulations to ensure enrollees access to necessary  
          health care services in a timely manner.  The health plans  
          licensed by DMHC had until January 17, 2011, to fully implement  
          the policies, procedures and systems necessary to comply with  
          the regulations.  In October 2010, health plans were required to  
          submit a filing to demonstrate how the standards and regulations  
          would be met.  Each health plan must show that its provider  
          network is large and varied enough to offer enrollees  
          appointments that meet specified standards.

          The Timely Access Regulation also requires health plans to  
          provide or arrange for the provision of 24/7 telephone triage or  
          screening services, as defined, for patients to obtain timely  
          assistance in determining the urgency of their condition,  
          including a reasonable call back time (not more than 30  
          minutes).  Beginning in March 2012, health plans must also file  
          an annual compliance report.  The annual compliance report  
          includes compliance rates for each of the time-specific  
          standards.  Plans must monitor network compliance with the  
          standards, and must investigate and correct deficiencies.   
          Specialized plans licensed by DMHC are subject to the Timely  
          Access Regulation but to a lesser extent than the full service  
          health plans.  DMHC informs plans that their interpretation of  
          the full time equivalent basis and 1:2,000 means that a primary  
          care provider cannot be assigned more than 2,000 enrollees based  
          upon all plans and product types that primary care provider  
          contracts accept.  DMHC has only recently begun receiving  
          reliable data that can be used to determine what the impact is  
          for primary care providers that contract with multiple plans and  
          for multiple lines of business.  With this new data, DMHC  
          indicates it will be able to better analyze primary care  
          providers to enrollee ratios and work with plans to ensure  
          compliance.

           Complaint Data  .  While it is difficult to determine the specific  
          nature of the complaint, DMHC indicates in 2012 there 1,737  
          access complaints and in 2013 890 access complaints.  According  
          to CDI, From January 1, 2012 thru June 20, 2014, CDI received  
          179 complaints relating to Network Adequacy.  However, none of  
          those cases specifically relate Timely Access to Care.  During  
          this same period, CDI has tracked 186 telephone inquiries where  
          the caller has alleged a problem with timely access to care, but  

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          the products were not regulated by CDI.

           Comments
           
          According to the author, as the Patient Protection and  
          Affordable Care Act (ACA) reaches full implementation and more  
          and more Californians enroll in health plans and policies as  
          required by law, tension between efforts to contain health care  
          costs and preserve access to quality providers is reaching new  
          heights.  To achieve cost savings goals of the ACA, health plans  
          and insurers are narrowing provider networks, significantly  
          reducing the number of providers available to provide care to  
          enrollees and limiting patient access to care.  This bill aims  
          to protect patients from high out-of-pocket costs for  
          out-of-network services sought by patients when their plans or  
          insurers fail to meet accessible and timely access standards for  
          medically necessary covered or specialty services.  This bill  
          builds upon existing laws and regulations by ensuring that  
          patients in these circumstances can go out-of-network to a  
          provider arranged by the plan and pay the same price as they  
          would pay if the service were provided by a network provider.   
          Having an insurance card means nothing if you are unable to find  
          a provider to get care when you need it.  Network adequacy is an  
          extremely important issue, and having access to a high-quality  
          network of providers is critical.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes    
          Local:  Yes

          According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:

           One-time costs of $1.1 million in 2014-15 and $730,000 in  
            2015-16 for the development and adoption of regulations and  
            the review of plan filings.  Ongoing costs of $530,000 per  
            year for review of plan filings and reports and enforcement  
            activity by DMHC (Managed Care Fund).

           One-time costs of $400,000 for the development and adoption of  
            regulations and the review of plan filings and ongoing costs  
            of $380,000 per year for review of reports and enforcement  
            activity by CDI (Insurance Fund).

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  8/22/14)


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          California Nurses Association/National Nurses United (source)
          Asian Pacific Environmental Network
          California Alliance for Retired Americans
          California Federation of Teachers
          California Optometric Association
          California School Employees Association
          Campaign for a Healthy California
          Health Access
          National Multiple Sclerosis Society
          San Francisco Labor Council California Chapter of the American 

           OPPOSITION  :    (Verified  8/22/14)

          America's Health Insurance Plans
          American Academy of Pediatrics
          Association of California Life and Health Insurance Companies
          Association of Northern California Oncologists
          CalDerm
          California Academy of Eye Physicians and Surgeons
          California Academy of Family Physicians
          California Association of Health Plans
          California Association of Health Underwriters
          California Chamber of Commerce
          California Chapter of the American Emergency Physicians
          California Medical Association
          California Podiatric Medical Association
          California Psychiatric Association
          California Society of Anesthesiologists
          California Society of Plastic Surgeons
          Medical Oncology Association of Southern California
          Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons of California
          The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    The California Nurses Association  
          writes that the bill provides parity between CDI and DMHC by  
          insuring access to out-of-network specialty care.  The  
          California Chapter of the American College of Emergency  
          Physicians writes that they see first-hand the consequences that  
          inadequate networks have when they regularly treat patients  
          whose conditions have worsened due to delayed care, and who are  
          then forced to seek treatment in the emergency department.   
          Health Access California writes that existing protections on  
          timely access that are similar to this bill are not codified and  
          not specifically addressed in regulation.  Instead it reflects  

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          enforcement actions by DMHC.  Health Access is unaware of prior  
          enforcement actions by CDI to protect consumers out-of-network  
          cost sharing.  However, existing Insurance Code provisions might  
          fairly be interpreted to provide such consumer protections.   
          This bill would assure Californians timely access to necessary  
          care at in-network cost sharing, a basic consumer protection  
          which all Californians should have.

           ARGUMENTS IN OPPOSITION  :    The California Chapter of the  
          American College of Emergency Physicians (California ACEP) is  
          opposed to this bill stating it undermines current law that  
          requires insurers to provide adequate provider networks for  
          patients and undermines physicians' power to negotiate a fair  
          contract with insurers by statutorily imposing another  
          provider's contracted rate as the value of their service.  
          California ACEP also states that this bill seeks to impose a new  
          standard for reimbursement, the "in-network reimbursement rate"  
          which, they state, does not exist. A coalition of organizations  
          writes in opposition that this bill allows health plans and  
          health insurers to impose unfair contract conditions on  
          providers, reducing provider participation and consumer access  
          to timely health care and makes it easier for health plans and  
          health insurers to create inadequate provider networks. The  
          coalition further states that this bill undermines providers'  
          ability to negotiate fair reimbursement rates with health plans  
          and health insurers and reduces consumer protection and rewards  
          health insurers and health plans that create and maintain  
          inadequate provider networks. Finally, the coalition states that  
          this bill inserts the consumer between providers and commercial  
          health insurers and health plans over reimbursement rate  
          negotiations. The California Association of Health Plans (CAHP)  
          views this bill as an unraveling of the managed care system in  
          California because it statutorily requires the arrangement of  
          out-of-network care by non-contracting providers. CAHP strongly  
          opposes and legislative mandate to pay non-contracting providers  
          because it will unravel plan networks.

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  44-28, 5/28/14
          AYES:  Ammiano, Bloom, Bocanegra, Bonilla, Bonta, Bradford,  
            Brown, Buchanan, Campos, Chau, Chesbro, Dickinson, Eggman,  
            Fong, Garcia, Gatto, Gomez, Gonzalez, Gordon, Gray, Hall,  
            Roger Hern�ndez, Holden, Jones-Sawyer, Levine, Lowenthal,  
            Medina, Mullin, Muratsuchi, Nazarian, Pan, John A. P�rez, V.  
            Manuel P�rez, Quirk, Rendon, Ridley-Thomas, Skinner, Stone,  

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            Ting, Weber, Wieckowski, Williams, Yamada, Atkins
          NOES:  Achadjian, Allen, Bigelow, Ch�vez, Conway, Dababneh,  
            Dahle, Donnelly, Fox, Beth Gaines, Gorell, Grove, Hagman,  
            Harkey, Jones, Linder, Logue, Maienschein, Mansoor, Melendez,  
            Nestande, Olsen, Patterson, Quirk-Silva, Salas, Wagner,  
            Waldron, Wilk
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Alejo, Ian Calderon, Cooley, Daly, Frazier,  
            Perea, Rodriguez, Vacancy


          JL:e  8/22/14   Senate Floor Analyses 

                           SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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