California Legislature—2013–14 Regular Session

Assembly Bill No. 2545

Introduced by Assembly Member Lowenthal

February 21, 2014

An act to amend Section 13956 of the Government Code, relating to crime victims, and making an appropriation therefor.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

AB 2545, as introduced, Lowenthal. Victims of crime: restitution: military sexual assault.

Existing law authorizes the compensation of victims and derivative victims of specified types of crimes by the California Victim Compensation and Government Claims Board from the Restitution Fund, a continuously appropriated fund, for specified losses suffered as a result of those crimes. Existing law sets forth eligibility requirements and specified limits on the amount of compensation the board may award. Existing law requires the board to deny an application if the board finds that the victim or derivative victim failed to cooperate reasonably with a law enforcement agency in the apprehension and conviction of a criminal committing the crime. However, existing law specifies that an application for compensation cannot be denied pursuant to that provision solely on the basis of specified behavior by the victim, such as failure to make a police report.

This bill would prohibit denial of an application for compensation under the above circumstances with respect to a claim based on sexual assault, as defined, committed by military personnel against military personnel, solely because the sexual assault was not reported to a superior officer or law enforcement at the time of the crime. The bill would set forth types of evidence of sexual assault the board would be required to consider in these cases, for purposes of determining if a claim qualifies for compensation. The bill would require both the perpetrator, as defined, and the victim to be active duty military personnel at the time the sexual assault occurred for these provisions to apply.

By expanding the authorization for the use of moneys in the continuously appropriated Restitution Fund, this bill would make an appropriation.

Vote: ²⁄₃. Appropriation: yes. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: no.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1.  

Section 13956 of the Government Code is
amended to read:

13956.  

Notwithstanding Section 13955, a person shall not be
eligible for compensation under the following conditions:

(a) An application shall be denied if the board finds that the
victim or, begin delete where end delete begin insert if end insert compensation is sought by or on behalf of a
derivative victim, either the victim or derivative victim, knowingly
and willingly participated in the commission of the crime that
resulted in the pecuniary loss for which compensation is being
sought pursuant to this chapter. However, this subdivision shall
not apply if the injury or death occurred as a direct result of a crime
committed in violation of Section 261, 262, or 273.5 of, or a crime
of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor committed in violation
of subdivision (d) of Section 261.5 of, the Penal Code.

(b) (1) An application shall be denied if the board finds that
the victim or, begin delete where end delete begin insert if end insert compensation is sought by, or on behalf of,
a derivative victim, either the victim or derivative victim failed to
cooperate reasonably with a law enforcement agency in the
apprehension and conviction of a criminal committing the crime.
However, in determining whether cooperation has been reasonable,
the board shall consider the victim’s or derivative victim’s age,
physical condition, and psychological state, cultural or linguistic
barriers, any compelling health and safety concerns, including, but
not limited to, a reasonable fear of retaliation or harm that would
jeopardize the well-being of the victim or the victim’s family or
the derivative victim or the derivative victim’s family, and giving
due consideration to the degree of cooperation of which the victim
or derivative victim is capable in light of the presence of any of
these factors.

(2) An application for a claim based on domestic violence begin delete may end delete
begin insert shall end insert not be denied solely because no police report was made by
the victim. The board shall adopt guidelines that allow the board
to consider and approve applications for assistance based on
domestic violence relying upon evidence other than a police report
to establish that a domestic violence crime has occurred. Factors
evidencing that a domestic violence crime has occurred may
include, but are not limited to, medical records documenting
injuries consistent with allegations of domestic violence, mental
health records, or the fact that the victim has obtained a temporary
or permanent restraining order, or all of these.

(3) An application for a claim based on human trafficking as
defined in Section 236.1 of the Penal Code begin delete may end delete begin insert shall end insert not be denied
solely because no police report was made by the victim. The board
shall adopt guidelines that allow the board to consider and approve
applications for assistance based on human trafficking relying
upon evidence other than a police report to establish that a human
trafficking crime as defined in Section 236.1 begin insert of the Penal Code end insert
has occurred. That evidence may include any reliable corroborating
information approved by the board, including, but not limited to,
the following:

(A) A Law Enforcement Agency Endorsement issued pursuant
to Section 236.2 of the Penal Code.

(B) A human trafficking caseworker as identified in Section
1038.2 of the Evidence Code, has attested by affidavit that the
individual was a victim of human trafficking.

begin insert

(4) (A) An application for a claim by military personnel victim
based on a sexual assault by another military personnel shall not
be denied solely because it was not reported to a superior officer
or law enforcement at the time of the crime.

end insert begin insert

(B) Factors that the board shall consider for purposes of
determining if a claim qualifies for compensation include, but are
not limited to, the evidence of the following:

end insert begin insert

(i) Restricted or unrestricted reports to a military victim
advocate, sexual assault response coordinator, chaplain, attorney,
or other military personnel.

end insert begin insert

(ii) Medical or physical evidence consistent with sexual assault.

end insert begin insert

(iii) A written or oral report from military law enforcement or
a civilian law enforcement agency concluding that a sexual assault
crime was committed against the victim.

end insert begin insert

(iv) A notarized report from a sexual assault counselor, as
defined in Section 1035.2 of the Evidence Code, licensed therapist,
or mental health counselor, stating that the victim is seeking
services related to the allegation of sexual assault.

end insert begin insert

(v) A credible witness to whom the victim disclosed the details
that a sexual assault crime occurred.

end insert begin insert

(vi) A restraining order from a military or civilian court against
the perpetrator of the sexual assault.

end insert begin insert

(vii) Other behavior by the victim consistent with sexual assault.

end insert begin insert

(C) For purposes of this subdivision, the sexual assault at issue
shall have occurred during military service, including deployment.

end insert begin insert

(D) For purposes of this subdivision, the sexual assault may
have been committed offbase.

end insert begin insert

(E) For purposes of this subdivision, a “perpetrator” means
an individual who is any of the following at the time of the sexual
assault:

end insert begin insert

(i) An active duty military personnel from the United States
Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or Coast Guard.

end insert begin insert

(ii) A civilian employee of any military branch specified in
clause (i), military base, or military deployment.

end insert begin insert

(iii) A contractor or agent of a private military or private
security company.

end insert begin insert

(iv) A member of the California National Guard.

end insert begin insert

(F) For purposes of this subdivision, “sexual assault” means
an offense included in Section 261, 262, 264.1, 286, 288a, or 289
of the Penal Code, as of the date the act that added this paragraph
was enacted.

end insert

(c) An application for compensation may be denied, in whole
or in part, if the board finds that denial is appropriate because of
the nature of the victim’s or other applicant’s involvement in the
events leading to the crime or the involvement of the persons whose
injury or death gives rise to the application. In the case of a minor,
the board shall consider the minor’s age, physical condition, and
psychological state, as well as any compelling health and safety
concerns, in determining whether the minor’s application should
be denied pursuant to this section. The application of a derivative
victim of domestic violence under the age of 18 years of age or a
derivative victim of trafficking under 18 years of age may not be
denied on the basis of the denial of the victim’s application under
this subdivision.

(d) (1) Notwithstanding Section 13955, no person who is
convicted of a felony may be granted compensation until that
person has been discharged from probation or has been released
from a correctional institution and has been discharged from parole,
if any. In no case shall compensation be granted to an applicant
pursuant to this chapter during any period of time the applicant is
held in a correctional institution.

(2) A person who has been convicted of a felony may apply for
compensation pursuant to this chapter at any time, but the award
of that compensation may not be considered until the applicant
meets the requirements for compensation set forth in paragraph
(1).

(3) Applications of victims who are not felons shall receive
priority in the award of compensation over an application submitted
by a felon who has met the requirements for compensation set
forth in paragraph (1).