BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 2692
                                                                  Page  1

          Date of Hearing:   April 22, 2014

                  ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON ELECTIONS AND REDISTRICTING
                                  Paul Fong, Chair
                  AB 2692 (Fong) - As Introduced:  February 21, 2014
          
          SUBJECT  :   Political Reform Act of 1974: expenditures.

           SUMMARY  :   Requires a person who improperly benefits from the  
          personal use of campaign funds to forfeit the value of the  
          personal benefit received, as specified.  Specifically,  this  
          bill  :  

          1)Provides that if the Fair Political Practices Commission  
            (FPPC) determines in an administrative action that an  
            expenditure was made that confers a substantial personal  
            benefit to a person who had the authority to approve that  
            expenditure, but the expenditure is not directly related to a  
            political, legislative, or governmental purpose, that the  
            individual who received the substantial personal benefit shall  
            pay to the General Fund (GF) of the state an amount equal to  
            the substantial personal benefit that he or she received.

          2)Provides that a payment to the GF of the value of the benefit  
            received, as required by this bill, shall be in addition to  
            any penalty imposed by the FPPC. 

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Creates the FPPC, and makes it responsible for the impartial,  
            effective administration and implementation of the Political  
            Reform Act (PRA).

          2)Requires campaign expenditures to be reasonably related to a  
            political, legislative, or governmental purpose.  Requires  
            campaign expenditures that confer a substantial personal  
            benefit on an individual with the authority to approve the  
            expenditure of campaign funds to be directly related to a  
            political, legislative, or governmental purpose.  Provides  
            that the term "substantial personal benefit" for these  
            purposes means an expenditure that results in a direct  
            personal benefit of more than $200.  Provides that a violation  
            of these provisions is punishable as follows:

             a)   By a fine of up to $5,000 per violation in an  







                                                                  AB 2692
                                                                  Page  2

               administrative proceeding by the FPPC; or, 

             b)   By a penalty of up to three times the amount of the  
               unlawful expenditure, in a civil action brought by the  
               FPPC. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  Unknown.  State-mandated local program; contains  
          a crimes and infractions disclaimer.

           COMMENTS  :

           1)Purpose of the Bill  :  According to the author:

               California law recognizes that ethical concerns may  
               arise when a candidate personally benefits financially  
               from contributions received by his or her campaign.   
               For that reason, the Political Reform Act prohibits  
               campaign funds from being used to compensate a  
               candidate or elected officer for the performance of  
               political, legislative, or governmental activities,  
               except for reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses  
               incurred for political, legislative, or governmental  
               purposes.  Additionally, state law prohibits  
               candidates and committee officers from using campaign  
               funds for personal expenses.

               Individuals who violate the "personal use" provisions  
               of California law are subject to civil or  
               administrative fines, but existing law does not  
               require a person to forfeit the personal benefit that  
               he or she received from the illegal expenditure of  
               campaign funds.  The purpose of California's "personal  
               use" restrictions on campaign funds is to ensure that  
               funds solicited for campaign purposes are used for  
               those purposes, and are not used to personally enrich  
               candidates, officeholders, and political committee  
               officers.  To further that purpose, and to provide a  
               greater disincentive against the improper use of  
               campaign funds, AB 2692 requires individuals who  
               violate the "personal use" laws to forfeit the  
               improper benefits that they received, in addition to  
               any fines they face for violating state law.

           2)Personal Use of Campaign Funds  :  Existing law generally  
            prohibits campaign funds from being used for personal  







                                                                  AB 2692
                                                                  Page  3

            expenses, and instead requires campaign expenditures to be  
            reasonably related to a political, legislative, or  
            governmental purpose.  When a campaign expenditure results in  
            a personal benefit of more than $200 to an individual who had  
            the authority to approve the expenditure, the expenditure must  
            be directly related to a political, legislative, or  
            governmental purpose.  These provisions are intended to ensure  
            that campaign funds are not used as a method of personally  
            enriching candidates and officers of political committees.

          As is the case with other suspected violations of the PRA, the  
            FPPC may bring an administrative enforcement action if it  
            believes that an individual or a committee has improperly used  
            campaign funds for personal purposes.  When the FPPC  
            determines that a violation has occurred, it can impose a  
            monetary penalty of up to $5,000 per violation.  Because the  
            maximum monetary penalty available in an administrative  
            enforcement action is not dependent on the value of the  
            personal benefit received, it is possible that a person could  
            receive an improper personal benefit from campaign spending  
            that exceeds the maximum penalty that the FPPC can impose  
            through the administrative process.  The FPPC does have the  
            ability to bring a civil lawsuit for a violation of the  
            personal use provisions of law, in which case the maximum  
            monetary penalty available is three times the amount of the  
            unlawful expenditure.  Such civil lawsuits, however, are  
            uncommon, and the FPPC deals with a substantial majority of  
            enforcement cases through its administrative enforcement  
            process.  By requiring a person to forfeit the value of an  
            improper personal benefit that he or she received, this bill  
            will ensure that a person who uses campaign funds for personal  
            purposes does not receive a benefit in excess of the maximum  
            possible administrative fine.

















                                                                  AB 2692
                                                                  Page  4

           3)Arguments in Support  :  In support of this bill, the League of  
            Women Voters of California writes:
           
                The League believes that the regulation of campaign  
               finance practices must support the public's right to  
               know and combat corruption and undue influence, and  
               that monitoring and enforcement must be effective. AB  
               2692 will help ensure that there is a direct  
               political, legislative, or governmental purpose for  
               any use of campaign funds that gives substantial  
               personal benefit to a candidate, elected officer, or  
               other individual with authority over those funds.

               We support this measure that will provide additional  
               deterrence from the improper use of campaign funds.  
                
           4)Related Legislation  :  AB 1692 (Garcia), which was approved by  
            this committee on April 1, 2014 on a 6-0 vote, prohibits the  
            use of campaign funds to pay a fine, penalty, judgment, or  
            settlement that is imposed for the improper personal use of  
            campaign funds, among other provisions.
           
          5)Political Reform Act of 1974  :  California voters passed an  
            initiative, Proposition 9, in 1974 that created the FPPC and  
            codified significant restrictions and prohibitions on  
            candidates, officeholders and lobbyists. That initiative is  
            commonly known as the PRA.  Amendments to the PRA that are not  
            submitted to the voters, such as those contained in this bill,  
            must further the purposes of the initiative and require a  
            two-thirds vote of both houses of the Legislature.  
           
           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          League of Women Voters of California

           Opposition 
           
          None on file.
           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Ethan Jones / E. & R. / (916) 319-2094 










                                                                  AB 2692
                                                                  Page  5