BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó






                         SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                                Carol Liu, Chair
                           2013-2014 Regular Session
                                        

          BILL NO:       SB 174
          AUTHOR:        De Leon
          AMENDED:       January 6, 2014
          FISCAL COMM:   Yes            HEARING DATE:  January 15,  
          2014
          URGENCY:       Yes            CONSULTANT:Kathleen Chavira

           SUBJECT  :  Cal Grant Program.
          
           SUMMARY 

          This bill, an urgency measure, provides for the use of  
          funds from the College Access Tax Credit Fund (proposed to  
          be established by SB 798) to be administered by the  
          California Student Aid Commission (CSAC), for purposes of  
          increasing the amount of the Cal Grant B Access Award.

           BACKGROUND  

          Current law authorizes the Cal Grant Program, administered  
          by the California Student Aid Commission, to provide grants  
          to financially needy students to attend college.  The Cal  
          Grant programs include both the entitlement and the  
          competitive Cal Grant awards.  The program consists of the  
          Cal Grant A, Cal Grant B, and Cal Grant C programs, and  
          eligibility is based upon financial need, grade point  
          average, California residency, and other eligibility  
          criteria, as specified in Education Code § 69433.9.  These  
          programs currently operate as follows:

            Cal Grant A* High School Entitlement Program provides  
            tuition fee funding for the equivalent of four full-time  
            years at qualifying postsecondary institutions to  
            eligible lower and middle income high school graduates  
            who have at least a 3.0 grade point average (GPA) on a  
            four-point scale and apply within one year of graduation.

            Cal Grant B* High School Entitlement Program provides  
            funds to eligible low-income high school graduates who  
            have at least a 2.0 GPA on a four-point scale and apply  
            within one year of graduation.  The award provides up to  




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            $1,551 for books and living expenses for the first year  
            and each year following for up to four years (or  
            equivalent of four full-time years). After the first  
            year, the award also provides tuition fee funding at  
            qualifying postsecondary institutions.

            Community College Transfer Program provides a Cal Grant A  
            or B to eligible high school graduates who have a  
            community college GPA of at least 2.4 on a four point  
            scale and transfer to a qualifying baccalaureate degree  
            granting college or university.
            Cal Grant Competitive Award Program provides 22,500 Cal  
            Grant A and B awards available to applicants who meet  
            financial, academic, and general program eligibility  
            requirements.  Half of these awards are reserved for  
            students enrolled at a community college and who met the  
            September 2 application deadline.

            Cal Grant C Program provides funding for financially  
            eligible lower income students preparing for occupational  
            or technical training. The authorized number of new  
            awards is 7,761.  For new and renewal recipients, the  
            current tuition and fee award is up to $2,592 and the  
            allowance for training-related costs is $576. (Education  
            Code § 69430 - § 69450)

          Current law also authorizes the Cal Grant T program to  
          provide assistance to individuals who attend teacher  
          credential programs at colleges and universities approved  
          by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing.  
          According to the California Student Aid Commission, the  
          Governor and the California State Legislature have not  
          permitted new awards for the Cal Grant T program since the  
          2002-2003 academic year.

           ANALYSIS
           
           This bill  , an urgency measure, provides for the use of  
          funds from the College Access Tax Credit (CATC) Fund for  
          purposes of increasing the Cal Grant B access award.  
          Specifically it: 

          1)   Declares the intent that CATC Funds supplement other  
               funds appropriated for the Cal Grant Program and, once  
               the CATC Fund is created and exists, prohibits the  
               adjustment of the Cal Grant B Access Award below the  




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               level set in the Budget Act of 2012 ($1,473).

          2)   Requires the State Treasurer to certify the amount of  
               moneys available for distribution from the CATC fund  
               beginning April 1, 2015 (and annually thereafter by  
               April 1st) for distribution for the academic year  
               commencing the following July, and further:

                    a)             Prohibits the amount available for  
                    distribution in any year from exceeding 85  
                    percent of the certified fund balance.

                    b)             Requires the California Student  
                    Aid Commission (CSAC)  to thereafter:

                           i)                  Determine the amount  
                         of the supplemental awards to be granted. 

                           ii)     Determine the administrative costs  
                         that will be incurred.
           
                           iii)    Include the amounts determined in  
                         the statutorily required budget change  
                         proposals it submits each fiscal year.


          3)   Requires that the amount of the supplemental award and  
               the administrative costs determined by the California  
               Student Aid Commission (CSAC) be made available, upon  
               appropriation by the Legislature in the annual Budget  
               Act, for the purpose of making supplemental access  
               costs awards under the Cal Grant B program. 

          4)   Requires that disbursements be made to the CSAC, upon  
               annual appropriation by the Legislature, be used to  
               supplement awards for access costs under the Cal Grant  
               B program, and to defray the CSAC's associated  
               administrative costs.

          5)   Requires that any funds remaining after all  
               supplemental awards are made be retained in the CATC  
               for allocation in future fiscal years.

          6)   Establishes the following conditions and restrictions  
               on the supplemental awards:





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                    a)             Requires that they be made for  
                    "access costs" as defined under the provisions of  
                    the Cal Grant Program.

                    b)             Caps the amount of the  
                    supplemental award, when combined with the annual  
                    award amount established in the annual Budget  
                    Act, at $5,000.

                    c)             Provides that these awards are  
                    only payable to the extent moneys are available  
                    from the College Access Tax Credit Fund (CATC).

                    d)             Requires the California Student  
                    Aid Commission (CSAC) to inform award recipients  
                    that the award is for one academic year only, not  
                    an entitlement, and that future supplemental  
                    awards are subject to the availability of moneys  
                    in the CATC.

          7)   Makes the provisions of this bill contingent upon the  
               enactment of SB 798 (De Leon), which establishes the  
               College Access Tax Credit Fund.

           STAFF COMMENTS  

           1)   Need for the bill  . According to the author, adjusted  
               for inflation, a Cal Grant B award today should be  
               $5,900.  Instead, it has lost most of its purchasing  
               power over time and is currently only $1,473.   
               Receiving more financial aid to cover non-tuition  
               costs will enable students to limit their work hours  
               while enrolled, reduce their need to borrow, and  
               ensure that they can focus on their studies and  
               graduate.

           2)   Access costs?   Current law defines "access costs", for  
               purposes of the Cal Grant Program, as living expenses  
               and expenses for transportation, supplies, and books.  
               (EC § 69432.5)

           3)   Cal Grant A versus Cal Grant B  . Cal Grant A awards are  
               provided to students to cover the cost of tuition or  
               fees at public colleges and to assist with these costs  
               at private colleges and some private career colleges.  
               Under Cal Grant B, a student is awarded a grant for  




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               purposes of access costs for the first year.  After  
               the freshman year, the Cal Grant B award may also  
               cover tuition and fees in the same amount as a Cal  
               Grant A. Current law provides that the amount of the  
               award for access costs cannot exceed $1,551, but  
               provides that this amount may be adjusted in the  
               annual Budget Act.  (EC § 69435) 

               Traditionally, the amount of the Cal Grant A award, as  
               well as the portion of the Cal Grant B which covers  
               tuition and fees, has been set at a level which covers  
               the tuition/fees at California's public postsecondary  
               institutions.  In 2013-14, the maximum awards for Cal  
               Grants A and B are equal to the mandatory systemwide  
               tuition fees at a University of California ($12,192)  
               and California State University ($5,472), $9,084 at  
               independent non-profit institutions and Western  
               Association of Schools and Colleges-accredited private  
               for-profit institutions, and $4,000 at all other  
               private for-profit institutions.

               The Cal Grant B access award is statutorily capped at  
               $1,555, but was reduced by 5%, to $1473 in the 2012-13  
               Budget Act.

               According to the California Student Aid Commission  
               (CSAC), in 2010-11, the average income for new Cal  
               Grant B recipients was $17,407, versus $45,735 for new  
               Cal Grant A recipients.  There were a total of 35,747  
               new recipients for Cal Grant A and 94,710 new  
               recipients of Cal Grant B.  The largest number and  
               percentage of Cal Grant B recipients were at the  
               California Community Colleges (53%) while the largest  
               number and percentage of Cal Grant A recipients were  
               at the University of California (21%). 

           4)   Contingent legislation  .  The ability to implement the  
               provisions of this bill will rely upon the enactment  
               of SB 798 (De Leon) which is also pending hearing in  
               the Senate Governance and Finance Committee today. SB  
               798: 

               a)        Establishes the College Access Tax Credit  
                    Fund (CATC) and provides for its allocation to:

                    i)             The General Fund; 




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                    ii)            The Franchise Tax Board, the  
                         California Educational Facilities Authority,  
                         the Controller, and the California Student  
                         Aid Commission for reimbursement of related  
                         administrative costs;

                    iii)           The California Student Aid  
                         Commission for purposes of awarding Cal  
                         Grants to students pursuant to the  
                         provisions established by SB 174 (De Leon).
               b)        Establishes a tax credit equal to a  
                    percentage of the contributions to the CATC. 

               c)        Provides that CATC funds be considered  
                    General Fund Revenues for purposes of determining  
                    Proposition 98 funding requirements.

               d)        Provides for a repeal of the tax credit in  
                    December 2017. 

               e)        Makes these provisions contingent upon the  
                    enactment of SB 174

               The provisions of SB 174 are contingent upon the  
               enactment of SB 798.  

           5)   Prior legislation  .  

               a)        SB 285 (De Leon) as amended by this  
                    committee was essentially identical to this bill.  
                    SB 285 was heard and passed by this committee  
                    April 17, 2013, by a vote of 9-0.  In October  
                    2013,         SB 285 was vetoed by the Governor,  
                    whose veto message read:

                    This bill, which is contingent on the enactment  
                    of Senate Bill 284, would authorize the use of  
                    the College Access Tax Credit Fund.

                    I was unable to sign Senate Bill 284 due to a  
                    technical flaw. As a consequence, this bill  
                    cannot become operative.
                    
                    The companion veto message for SB 284 (De Leon)  
                    read, in pertinent part: 




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                    "?the bill inadvertently impacts the Proposition  
                    98 funding guarantee negatively.  This flaw can  
                    easily be corrected by
                    specifying in a new bill that the donations  
                    transferred to the
                    General Fund are "General Fund revenues" for  
                    purposes of Proposition 98.  I direct the  
                    Department of Finance to work with the author so  
                    a new bill that avoids this negative impact can  
                    be sent to me next January.
                    
                    This bill reflects changes suggested by the  
                    Department of Finance to respond to concerns  
                    outlined in the Governor's veto messages. 

               b)        SB 1466 (De Leon, 2012)  as amended by this  
                    committee, expanded eligibility for a Cal Grant  
                    to include a student with a household income up  
                    to $150,000, subject to specified funding  
                    prioritization, and contingent upon legislation  
                    that created a fund for this purpose (SB 1356, De  
                    Leon, 2012).  SB 1466 passed this committee in  
                    April 2012 by a vote of 8-1, but was subsequently  
                    amended to address a different subject. 


           SUPPORT  

          California State Student Association (CSSA)
          Institute for College Access and Success (TICAS)

           OPPOSITION

           None received on this version.