BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                             SENATE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH
                          Senator Ed Hernandez, O.D., Chair

          BILL NO:       SB 986
          AUTHOR:        Hernandez
          AMENDED:       April 10, 2014
          HEARING DATE:  April 30, 2014
          CONSULTANT:    Bain

           SUBJECT  :  Medi-Cal: managed care: exemption from plan  
          enrollment.
           
          SUMMARY  : Requires, for a Medi-Cal beneficiary who has received a  
          medical exemption request (MER) from mandatory enrollment in a  
          Medi-Cal managed care plan and who is to receive or has received  
          a specified transplantation, an extension of the MER for up to  
          12 months if the treating physician determines that it is  
          medically necessary. Requires additional MER extensions to be  
          granted, subject to specified criteria, including if the  
          patient's condition is not stable enough to transfer. Prohibits  
          the existence of a contract between a health care provider,  
          provider's medical group or hospital and a Medi-Cal managed care  
          plan from being considered as a factor in determining the  
          extension of a MER.

          Existing law:
          1.Establishes the Medi-Cal program, administered by the  
            Department of Health Care Services (DHCS), under which  
            qualified low-income individuals receive health care services.  
            The Medi-Cal program is, in part, governed and funded by  
            federal Medicaid Program provisions. One of the methods by  
            which Medi-Cal services are provided is through contracts with  
            various types of managed care health plans.

          2.Authorizes DHCS to require certain populations, including  
            seniors and persons with disabilities who do not have other  
            health coverage, to be assigned as mandatory enrollees into  
            new or existing Medi-Cal managed care health plans. Requires  
            enrollment in a Medi-Cal managed health care plan to be  
            mandatory in order to receive services under Medi-Cal in  
            specified rural counties, except as otherwise provided by law.

          3.Requires each Medi-Cal beneficiary or eligible applicant to be  
            informed that he or she may choose to continue an established  
            patient-provider relationship if his or her treating provider  
            is a primary care provider or clinic contracting with the  
                                                         Continued---



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            managed health care plan, has the available capacity, and  
            agrees to continue to treat that beneficiary or eligible  
            applicant.

          This bill:
          1.Requires a Medi-Cal beneficiary who has received a MER  
            exempting the beneficiary from mandatory enrollment in a  
            Medi-Cal managed care plan to receive an extension of the MER  
            beyond the initial 12-month exemption period if both of the  
            following conditions are met:

                  a.        The beneficiary is to receive or has received  
                    an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, allogeneic  
                    blood stem cell transplantation, cord blood  
                    transplantation, or haploidentical transplantation;  
                    and,
                  b.        If the treating physician who provided or  
                    oversaw the transplantation or who is providing the  
                    follow-up care to the beneficiary determines that it  
                    is medically necessary for the beneficiary to remain  
                    under the care of the treating physician. 

          2.Requires the MER to be provided for up to 12 months, after  
            which the treating physician who provided or oversaw the  
            transplant, or who is providing the follow-up care, is  
            required to assess the beneficiary's condition to determine  
            whether the beneficiary's medical condition has stabilized to  
            a level that would enable the beneficiary to be safely  
            transferred to a physician within a Medi-Cal managed care  
            health plan without any deleterious effects to the  
            beneficiary's health.

          3.Requires the MER to be extended for up to an additional 12  
            months if, at the end of the first extension, the treating  
            physician determines that the beneficiary's condition is not  
            sufficiently stable to enable a transfer without deleterious  
            effects to the beneficiary. Requires additional extension  
            requests to be handled pursuant to the process above.

          4.Prohibits a beneficiary who requests an extension of a MER  
            from being transitioned into a Medi-Cal managed care plan  
            until all appeals, fair hearings processes, litigation, and  
            other means of redress have been exhausted.

          5.Prohibits the existence of a contract between a health care  
            provider, a provider's medical group, or a hospital that  




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            provided the transplantation or follow-up care and a Medi-Cal  
            managed care plan and a Medi-Cal managed care plan, or the  
            beneficiary's prior enrollment in a managed care plan from  
            being considered as a factor in determining the extension of a  
            MER under this bill. Prohibits the contracts from being used  
            as a reason or basis for returning a beneficiary who has  
            received one or more of these procedures to a Medi-Cal managed  
            care plan.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  This bill has not been analyzed by a fiscal  
          committee.

           COMMENTS  :  
           1.Author's statement. According to the author, Medi-Cal  
            beneficiaries in Los Angeles County needing cancer care often  
            begin as fee-for-service enrollees and receive their cancer  
            care through City of Hope (COH). Because these beneficiaries  
            must enroll in a Medi-Cal managed care plan, they request an  
            exemption from mandatory enrollment (known as a Medical  
            Exemption Request or MER) in a Medi-Cal managed care plan.  
            When patients receive a MER, they must return to a Medi-Cal  
            managed care plan after 12 months unless the MER is extended.  
            In addition, the patient is ineligible for a MER if their  
            treating provider has a contract with the patient's managed  
            care plan. 

          For patients receiving complex cancer care involving  
            transplantation, any interruption in their continuity of care  
            has the potential for catastrophic consequences, up to and  
            including loss of life. This is particularly true of cancer  
            care involving transplants as appropriate and follow-up care  
            is crucial in preventing adverse treatment outcomes. This bill  
            would allow cancer patients who have already received a MER,  
            and who normally would be required to go back into Medi-Cal  
            managed care, to obtain an additional 12-month extension on  
            their MER so they can remain with their treating physician. It  
            would also allow a patient to continue seeing his or her  
            treating provider when that provider has a contract with a  
            Medi-Cal managed care plan to address a situation when a  
            community provider or medical group fails to return a patient  
            to COH because the community provider believes it can manage  
            that patient's cancer care. Finally, this bill would prohibit  
            transitioning a patient into a Medi-Cal managed care prior to  
            any and all appeals by the patient protesting the transition  
            being exhausted.




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          2.Background on Medi-Cal managed care. There are two main  
            Medi-Cal systems for the delivery of medical services:  
            fee-for-service (FFS) and managed care. In a FFS system, a  
            health care provider receives an individual payment from DHCS  
            for each medical service delivered to a beneficiary.  
            Beneficiaries in Medi-Cal FFS generally may obtain services  
            from any provider who has agreed to accept Medi-Cal FFS  
            payments. In managed care, DHCS contracts with managed care  
            plans to provide health care coverage for Medi-Cal  
            beneficiaries. Managed care enrollees may obtain services from  
            providers who contract with the managed care plan, also known  
            as a plan's "provider network." 

          Managed care is increasingly becoming the dominant delivery  
            system in the Medi-Cal program as both the number and the  
            percentage of Medi-Cal beneficiaries required to enroll in  
            managed care continues to grow. With the exception of certain  
            populations (former foster youth, beneficiaries eligible for  
            limited scope services, individuals dually eligible for  
            Medicare and Medi-Cal in most counties, and individuals  
            receiving a MER), enrollment in managed care is mandatory for  
            Medi-Cal beneficiaries. Roughly 65 percent of Medi-Cal  
            beneficiaries were enrolled in managed care in 2012-13. The  
            Governor's budget projects that, on average, 70 percent of  
            beneficiaries will be enrolled in managed care in 2013-14 and  
            73 percent (about 7.5 million Medi-Cal beneficiaries) will be  
            enrolled in managed care in 2014-15. 

          3.Medical Exemption Request. A Medi-Cal beneficiary with a  
            complex medical condition can request to remain in  
            fee-for-service Medi-Cal for up to 12 months as an alternative  
            to mandatory enrollment in a Medi-Cal managed care plan by  
            submitting a MER. Conditions meeting the criteria for a  
            complex medical condition include, and are similar to, the  
            following: 

                  a.        Pregnancy;
                  b.        Need for an organ transplant;
                  c.        Receiving chronic dialysis treatment;
                  d.        HIV positive or has AIDS;
                  e.        Has been diagnosed with cancer and is  
                    currently receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy  
                    or another course of accepted therapy for cancer that  
                    will continue for up to 12 months or has been approved  
                    for such therapy;




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                  f.        Has been approved for a major surgical  
                    procedure;
                  g.        Has a complex neurological disorder; or,
                  h.        Is enrolled in specified waiver or pilot  
                    programs. 

            A Med-Cal beneficiary granted a MER must be allowed to remain  
            with the FFS provider only until the medical condition has  
            stabilized to a level that would enable the individual to  
            change physicians and begin receiving care from a plan  
            provider without deleterious medical effects, as determined by  
            a beneficiary's treating FFS physician, up to 12 months from  
            the date the MER was first approved. MERs are not approved for  
            an eligible beneficiary who has been a member of either plan  
            on a combined basis for more than 90 calendar days, who has a  
            current Medi-Cal provider who is contracting with either plan,  
            or who began, or was scheduled to begin, treatment after the  
            date of plan enrollment. Extensions of the MER can be granted  
            if the eligible beneficiary continues to meet MER eligibility  
            requirements. 

            DHCS indicates MERS can be approved by a nurse, but MERS can  
            only be denied by a physician. DHCS' handling of MERS is the  
            subject of litigation by legal aid groups on behalf of  
            beneficiaries who were denied MERS by DHCS.  

          1.Data on MER extensions. In discussions regarding this bill  
            between proponents and DHCS regarding how MERS are currently  
            addressed, City of Hope forwarded information on 16 Medi-Cal  
            beneficiaries who have received care at the hospital. DHCS  
            indicates, for two beneficiaries, there was no record of a MER  
            being filed. For the fourteen remaining beneficiaries, there  
            were 42 MERs filed. DHCS indicates about 55 percent were  
            approved and 45 percent were denied. DHCS states that no MERs  
            were denied for clinical considerations (denials were due to  
            forms not being filled out correctly or MERS being filed on  
            behalf of beneficiaries who already have access to the  
            provider who filed the MER). Specifically, DHCS indicates MER  
            denials were due to the following: 
          
                  a.        Forms being illegible or not filled out  
                    completely by the provider (7); 
                  b.        The provider was within the managed care plan  
                    network and therefore a MER was not needed (6);
                  c.        A exemption was already on file (5); and, 




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                  d.        The beneficiary was already in fee-for-service  
                    (1). 

            For MER denials based on illegible or incomplete forms, DHCS  
            indicates its vendor would have faxed the provider and made  
            five outbound calls in an attempt to obtain the missing  
            information prior to the MER being denied. The beneficiary  
            would then be mailed a denial letter that outlines appeal  
            rights and a 30 day mandatory enrollment process if the  
            beneficiary does not file an additional MER or appeal the  
            denial. The overall number of MERS received by year and the  
            approval rate is below:

                          MERS for 2011-2013
                          
                         Year                Number    Percent Approved
                         2011                70,851    43 
                         2012                     67,089 42
                         2013                     52,714 68 

          1.Prior legislation. AB 1553 (Monning) of 2012 would have  
            established requirements and a process for MERS in Medi-Cal  
            Managed Care by codifying and revising existing regulations.  
            AB 1553 was never heard in the Senate Health Committee.
          
          2.Support. This bill is sponsored by the City of Hope (COH),  
            which writes that this bill would allow patients who have  
            received allogeneic bone marrow/blood stem cell transplants to  
            receive subsequent MERs when the treating provider indicates  
            that a transition to another provider would be deleterious to  
            their medical condition and would compromise their prognosis  
            and outcome. COH states that Medi-Cal beneficiaries who are  
            eligible for allogeneic transplantation can receive a MER, but  
            the MER may expire before the patient is fully ready to be  
            released from the care of its transplant physicians. Despite  
            efforts to seek extensions, COH states the patients are often  
            sent back to community physicians who lack adequate training  
            and expertise to manage immunosuppressive drugs, spot emerging  
            signs of graft versus host disease or recognize potentially  
            lethal viral and opportunistic infections, resulting in  
            patients whose care has been severely and potentially  
            irrevocably compromised. If these patients ultimately return  
            to COH, their cancer may have relapsed, or they may have  
            severe infections, tumors or disabling symptoms of graft  
            versus host disease which can cost these patients their lives  
            and also cost the Medi-Cal program significantly more when  




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            patients have to be re-hospitalized and undergo more  
            aggressive treatment. COH argues these tragedies occur even  
            when it has a contract with the Medi-Cal managed care plan  
            because often it lacks a contract with the patient's delegated  
            medical group, thus making the patient ineligible for a MER.  
            This bill would address these problems by requiring a MER be  
            extended despite the presence of a contract between the plan  
            and COH, and would preclude any transition of these patients  
            until all avenues of redress are exhausted.

           SUPPORT AND OPPOSITION  :
          Support:  City of Hope (sponsor)
                    American Federation of State, County and Municipal  
                    Employees, AFL-CIO
                    California Healthcare Institute
          Stanford Hospital & Clinics

          Oppose:   None received



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