BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                            



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                                    THIRD READING


          Bill No:  SB 986
          Author:   Hernandez (D)
          Amended:  5/27/14
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE HEALTH COMMITTEE  :  7-0, 4/30/14
          AYES:  Hernandez, Morrell, De Le�n, DeSaulnier, Evans, Monning,  
            Wolk
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Beall, Nielsen

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  7-0, 5/23/14
          AYES:  De Le�n, Walters, Gaines, Hill, Lara, Padilla, Steinberg


           SUBJECT  :    Medi-Cal:  managed care:   exemption from plan  
          enrollment

           SOURCE  :     City of Hope


           DIGEST  :    This bill requires, for a Medi-Cal beneficiary who  
          has received a medical exemption request (MER) from mandatory  
          enrollment in a Medi-Cal managed care plan and who is to receive  
          or has received a specified transplantation, an extension of the  
          MER for up to 12 months if the treating physician determines  
          that it is medically necessary.  Requires additional MER  
          extensions to be granted, subject to specified criteria,  
          including if the patient's condition is not stable enough to  
          transfer.  Prohibits the existence of a contract between a  
          health care provider, provider's medical group or hospital and a  
          Medi-Cal managed care plan from being considered as a factor in  
          determining the extension of a MER.  This bill sunsets on  
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          January 1, 2018.



           ANALYSIS  :    

          Existing law:

          1. Establishes the Medi-Cal program, administered by the  
             Department of Health Care Services (DHCS), under which  
             qualified low-income individuals receive health care  
             services.  The Medi-Cal program is, in part, governed and  
             funded by federal Medicaid Program provisions.  One of the  
             methods by which Medi-Cal services are provided is through  
             contracts with various types of managed care health plans.

          2. Authorizes DHCS to require certain populations, including  
             seniors and persons with disabilities who do not have other  
             health coverage, to be assigned as mandatory enrollees into  
             new or existing Medi-Cal managed care health plans.  Requires  
             enrollment in a Medi-Cal managed health care plan to be  
             mandatory in order to receive services under Medi-Cal in  
             specified rural counties, except as otherwise provided by  
             law.

          3. Requires each Medi-Cal beneficiary or eligible applicant to  
             be informed that he/she may choose to continue an established  
             patient-provider relationship if his or her treating provider  
             is a primary care provider or clinic contracting with the  
             managed health care plan, has the available capacity, and  
             agrees to continue to treat that beneficiary or eligible  
             applicant.

          This bill:

          1. Requires a Medi-Cal beneficiary who has received a MER  
             exempting the beneficiary from mandatory enrollment in a  
             Medi-Cal managed care plan to receive an extension of the MER  
             beyond the initial 12-month exemption period if both of the  
             following conditions are met:

             A.    The beneficiary is to receive or has received an  
                allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, allogeneic blood  
                stem cell transplantation, cord blood transplantation,  

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                or haploidentical transplantation; and

             B.    If the treating physician who provided or oversaw the  
                transplantation or who is providing the follow-up care  
                to the beneficiary determines that it is medically  
                necessary for the beneficiary to remain under the care  
                of the treating physician. 

          2. Requires the MER to be provided for up to 12 months, after  
             which the treating physician who provided or oversaw the  
             transplant, or who is providing the follow-up care, is  
             required to assess the beneficiary's condition to determine  
             whether the beneficiary's medical condition has stabilized to  
             a level that enables the beneficiary to be safely transferred  
             to a physician within a Medi-Cal managed care health plan  
             without any deleterious effects to the beneficiary's health.

          3. Requires the MER to be extended for up to an additional 12  
             months if, at the end of the first extension, the treating  
             physician determines that the beneficiary's condition is not  
             sufficiently stable to enable a transfer without deleterious  
             effects to the beneficiary.  Requires additional extension  
             requests to be handled pursuant to the process above.

          4. Prohibits a beneficiary who requests an extension of a MER  
             from being transitioned into a Medi-Cal managed care plan  
             until all appeals, fair hearings processes, litigation, and  
             other means of redress have been exhausted.

          5. Prohibits the existence of a contract between a health care  
             provider, a provider's medical group, or a hospital that  
             provided the transplantation or follow-up care and a Medi-Cal  
             managed care plan and a Medi-Cal managed care plan, or the  
             beneficiary's prior enrollment in a managed care plan from  
             being considered as a factor in determining the extension of  
             a MER under this bill.  Prohibits the contracts from being  
             used as a reason or basis for returning a beneficiary who has  
             received one or more of these procedures to a Medi-Cal  
             managed care plan.

          6. Sunsets on January 1, 2018.

           Background
           

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           Medi-Cal managed care  .  There are two main Medi-Cal systems for  
          the delivery of medical services: fee-for-service (FFS) and  
          managed care. In a FFS system, a health care provider receives  
          an individual payment from DHCS for each medical service  
          delivered to a beneficiary.  Beneficiaries in Medi-Cal FFS  
          generally may obtain services from any provider who has agreed  
          to accept Medi-Cal FFS payments. In managed care, DHCS contracts  
          with managed care plans to provide health care coverage for  
          Medi-Cal beneficiaries.  Managed care enrollees may obtain  
          services from providers who contract with the managed care plan,  
          also known as a plan's "provider network." 

          Managed care is increasingly becoming the dominant delivery  
          system in the Medi-Cal program as both the number and the%age of  
          Medi-Cal beneficiaries required to enroll in managed care  
          continues to grow. With the exception of certain populations  
          (former foster youth, beneficiaries eligible for limited scope  
          services, individuals dually eligible for Medicare and Medi-Cal  
          in most counties, and individuals receiving a MER), enrollment  
          in managed care is mandatory for Medi-Cal beneficiaries.   
          Roughly 65% of Medi-Cal beneficiaries were enrolled in managed  
          care in 2012-13.  The Governor's budget projects that, on  
          average, 70% of beneficiaries will be enrolled in managed care  
          in 2013-14 and 73% (about 7.5 million Medi-Cal beneficiaries)  
          will be enrolled in managed care in 2014-15. 


           Medical Exemption Request  .  A Medi-Cal beneficiary with a  
          complex medical condition can request to remain in  
          fee-for-service Medi-Cal for up to 12 months as an alternative  
          to mandatory enrollment in a Medi-Cal managed care plan by  
          submitting a MER.  


          A Med-Cal beneficiary granted a MER must be allowed to remain  
          with the FFS provider only until the medical condition has  
          stabilized to a level that would enable the individual to change  
          physicians and begin receiving care from a plan provider without  
          deleterious medical effects, as determined by a beneficiary's  
          treating FFS physician, up to 12 months from the date the MER  
          was first approved.  MERs are not approved for an eligible  
          beneficiary who has been a member of either plan on a combined  
          basis for more than 90 calendar days, who has a current Medi-Cal  
          provider who is contracting with either plan, or who began, or  

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          was scheduled to begin, treatment after the date of plan  
          enrollment.  Extensions of the MER can be granted if the  
          eligible beneficiary continues to meet MER eligibility  
          requirements. 

          DHCS indicates MERS can be approved by a nurse, but MERS can  
          only be denied by a physician. DHCS' handling of MERS is the  
          subject of litigation by legal aid groups on behalf of  
          beneficiaries who were denied MERS by DHCS.  


           Data on MER extensions  .  In discussions regarding this bill  
          between proponents and DHCS regarding how MERS are currently  
          addressed, City of Hope forwarded information on 16 Medi-Cal  
          beneficiaries who have received care at the hospital. DHCS  
          indicates, for two beneficiaries, there was no record of a MER  
          being filed.  For the fourteen remaining beneficiaries, there  
          were 42 MERs filed. DHCS indicates about 55% was approved and  
          45% were denied.  DHCS states that no MERs were denied for  
          clinical considerations (denials were due to forms not being  
          filled out correctly or MERS being filed on behalf of  
          beneficiaries who already have access to the provider who filed  
          the MER).  Specifically, DHCS indicates MER denials were due to  
          the following: 


          1. Forms being illegible or not filled out completely by the  
             provider (7); 


          2. The provider was within the managed care plan network and  
             therefore a MER was not needed (6);


          3. A exemption was already on file (5); and 

          4. The beneficiary was already in fee-for-service (1). 

          For MER denials based on illegible or incomplete forms, DHCS  
          indicates its vendor would have faxed the provider and made five  
          outbound calls in an attempt to obtain the missing information  
          prior to the MER being denied.  The beneficiary would then be  
          mailed a denial letter that outlines appeal rights and a 30 day  
          mandatory enrollment process if the beneficiary does not file an  

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          additional MER or appeal the denial. 

           Prior legislation
           
          AB 1553 (Monning, of 2012) would have established requirements  
          and a process for MERS in Medi-Cal Managed Care by codifying and  
          revising existing regulations.  AB 1553 was never heard in the  
          Senate Health Committee.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes    
          Local:  No


          According to the Senate Appropriations Committee:


             One-time likely costs of about $75,000 to revise existing  
             regulations and procedures by the DHCS (General Fund and  
             federal funds).


             Unknown one-time costs to make system changes to allow the  
             Medi-Cal fiscal intermediary to track eligible medical  
             exemption requests (General Fund and federal funds).  The  
             fiscal intermediary would have to make certain changes to  
             allow staff to track and record extensions of medical  
             exemption requests under the bill.  At this time it is not  
             known whether such changes could be incorporated into ongoing  
             system maintenance or will impose additional costs.


             Potential ongoing staff costs to the fiscal intermediary up  
             to $150,000 per year to track existing medical exemption  
             requests eligible for extension under this bill and  
             communicate with treating physicians about potential  
             extensions (General Fund and federal funds).  According to  
             DHCS, there have been on average about 1,000 medical  
             exemption requests (and emergency disenrollment requests) per  
             year in recent years that will be eligible for extension  
             under this bill.  It is likely that the state's fiscal  
             intermediary will need additional staff to track those  
             beneficiaries, contact treating physicians to determine  
             whether additional extensions will be requested, and process  
             extension requests.

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             Estimated increased Medi-Cal costs of about $3 million per  
             year to provide care to eligible beneficiaries in the  
             fee-for-service system (General Fund and federal funds).  In  
             recent years, about 1,000 Medi-Cal beneficiaries have  
             requested an exemption from enrollment in managed care due to  
             a transplant that will qualify for extension under this bill.  
              Given the medical complexity of the medical conditions  
             necessitating a transplant and the complexity of  
             transplantation and follow-up care, it is likely that most of  
             those requesting an initial exemption will request one or  
             more extensions for their follow up care.  According to the  
             DHCS, the average annual cost to Medi-Cal for medical care to  
             transplant recipients in the managed care system is about  
             $1,300 per year less than in the fee-for-service system.   
             Assuming that eligible beneficiaries under this bill request  
             two one-year exemptions of their initial exemption, annual  
             costs to the state will likely be about $3 million per year.

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  5/27/14)

          City of Hope (source)
          AFSCME, AFL-CIO
          California Healthcare Institute
          Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
          Stanford Hospital & Clinics

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    This bill is sponsored by the City of  
          Hope (COH), which writes that this bill would allow patients who  
          have received allogeneic bone marrow/blood stem cell transplants  
          to receive subsequent MERs when the treating provider indicates  
          that a transition to another provider would be deleterious to  
          their medical condition and would compromise their prognosis and  
          outcome.  COH states that Medi-Cal beneficiaries who are  
          eligible for allogeneic transplantation can receive a MER, but  
          the MER may expire before the patient is fully ready to be  
          released from the care of its transplant physicians.  Despite  
          efforts to seek extensions, COH states the patients are often  
          sent back to community physicians who lack adequate training and  
          expertise to manage immunosuppressive drugs, spot emerging signs  
          of graft versus host disease or recognize potentially lethal  
          viral and opportunistic infections, resulting in patients whose  
          care has been severely and potentially irrevocably compromised.  
          If these patients ultimately return to COH, their cancer may  

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          have relapsed, or they may have severe infections, tumors or  
          disabling symptoms of graft versus host disease which can cost  
          these patients their lives and also cost the Medi-Cal program  
          significantly more when patients have to be re-hospitalized and  
          undergo more aggressive treatment.  COH argues these tragedies  
          occur even when it has a contract with the Medi-Cal managed care  
          plan because often it lacks a contract with the patient's  
          delegated medical group, thus making the patient ineligible for  
          a MER.  This bill addresses these problems by requiring a MER be  
          extended despite the presence of a contract between the plan and  
          COH, and would preclude any transition of these patients until  
          all avenues of redress are exhausted.


          JL:d  5/27/14   Senate Floor Analyses 

                           SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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