BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �




                   Senate Appropriations Committee Fiscal Summary
                            Senator Kevin de Le�n, Chair


          SB 1270 (Pavley) - Surface mining operations.
          
          Amended: May 7, 2014            Policy Vote: NR&W 7-2
          Urgency: No                     Mandate: Yes (see staff comment)
          Hearing Date: May 19, 2014      Consultant: Marie Liu
          
          This bill may meet the criteria for referral to the Suspense  
          File.
          
          
          Bill Summary: SB 1270 would create the Division of Mines within  
          the Department of Conservation (DOC), which would be responsible  
          for the DOC's role under mining laws, and would amend the roles  
          of the State Mining and Geology Board (SMGB) so that it is an  
          appeals and rule-making body. 

          Fiscal Impact: 
              Unknown costs to the Mine Reclamation Account (special) for  
              judicial review of lead agency actions. (see staff comment  
              #2, amendment A would remove cost)
              Unknown costs, likely no more than the low- to mid- tens of  
              thousands of dollars, from the Mine Reclamation Account  
              (special) for additional meetings of the SMGB to hear  
              appeals regarding a lead agency's approval of a reclamation  
              plan and financial assurances. (see staff comment #2,  
              amendment B would remove cost)
              Unknown savings, but likely in the mid-tens of thousands of  
              dollars, to the Mine Reclamation Account (special) for the  
              simplification of basis to establish the annual reporting  
              fee for a mine.
              Unknown increased revenues, likely in the high hundreds of  
              thousands, to the Mine Reclamation Account (special) by  
              changing the fee restrictions.

          Background: The Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975  
          (SMARA, PRC �2710 et seq.) regulates surface mining operations  
          to minimize environmental impacts and to provide for the  
          reclamation of mined lands to a usable condition while  
          encouraging the production, conservation, and protection of the  
          state's mineral resources. SMARA applies to the mining of hard  
          metals minerals, and sand and gravel. SMARA generally requires a  
          surface mining operation to obtain a mining permit, to have an  








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          approved reclamation plan, and to have secured financial  
          assurances. Financial assurances are surety documents that can  
          be used to pay for any mine reclamation costs in the event that  
          a mine operator defaults on its obligation to reclaim a mine at  
          the end of its useful life.

          1.The role of lead agency: SMARA is administered by the DOC's  
            Office of Mine Reclamation and the SMGB, but allows local  
            entities to operate as the lead agency and issue mining  
            permits if the local entity has adopted an ordinance governing  
            mining activities that meet specified requirements. However,  
            reclamation plans and financial assurances must be submitted  
            to the director DOC for review (�2774). 

            Mines are required to be inspected annually, and are the basis  
            for establishing financial assurance amounts. 

          2.Oversight of local agencies: Existing law establishes the  
            procedures by which the director can submit comments to a lead  
            agency regarding its pending approval of a reclamation plan  
            and financial assurances and the lead agency's required  
            response to such comments. 

            Individuals may appeal specific lead agency actions, including  
            denying approval of a reclamation plan, to the SMGB  
            (�2770(e)). 

          3.Revoking of local agency responsibilities: Existing law  
            enables the SMGB to assume the role of the lead agency, except  
            for local permitting authority, if the lead agency is failing  
            to fulfill its statutory obligations, including if the lead  
            agency approves a reclamation plan and financial assurances  
            that are not consistent with SMARA (�2774.4). The SMGB is  
            required to restore powers to the lead agency within three  
            years if the lead agency takes corrective actions.

          4.Reporting fees and lead agency fees: The owner of a mining  
            operation must annually report to the DOC with specified  
            information including, among other things, contact  
            information, the location of the mine, the approval date of  
            the operation's reclamation plan, proof of annual inspection  
            by the lead agency, proof of financial assurances, and total  
            production for each mineral commodity produced in the previous  
            year. Under �2207(d), the SMGB is required to collect an  








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            annual reporting fee on each active or idle mining operation.  
            These reporting fees must be at least $100, but no more than  
            $4,000, and they must cover the DOC's costs in implementing  
            SMARA. The actual fee amount is based on the total assessed  
            value of the mine, the acreage disturbed by mining activities,  
            and the acreage subject to the reclamation plan. Existing law  
            also caps the total revenue generated by the reporting fees at  
            $3.5 million. The fee minimums and maximums are adjusted  
            according to the California Consumer Price Index. Fee revenues  
            are deposited into the Mine Reclamation Account.

            Lead agencies may also impose a fee upon each mining operation  
            to cover its reasonable costs under SMARA (�2207(e)).

          5.Other provisions: Existing law outlines the process by which a  
            mine would be declared abandoned without commencing  
            reclamation, at which point the financial assurances can be  
            forfeited to conduct and complete the reclamation.

          Proposed Law: This bill would create a new division within the  
          DOC, the Division of Mines, which would be headed by the State  
          Mine Inspector (SMI). The SMI would be appointed by the director  
          of DOC and must be a registered geologist or professional  
          engineer. The SMI would assume the existing responsibilities of  
          the director of DOC. 

          1.The role of lead agency: This bill would require that the lead  
            agency review the sufficiency of the financial assurances at  
            least annually as part of the annual mine inspection. This  
            bill would also establish professional requirements for  
            persons that conduct annual inspections.

          2.Oversight of local agencies: This bill would revise the  
            process by which SMI (previously the director), may review  
            reclamation plan and financial assurances before the lead  
            agency's approval of those documents. Specifically the bill  
            allows the SMI to seek judicial review of a lead agency's  
            approval of a reclamation plan and financial assurances if the  
            SMI has submitted comments and is dissatisfied with a lead  
            agency's response. 

            This bill would allow an individual to appeal a lead agency's  
            approval, in additional to a lead agency's denial, of a  
            reclamation plan to the SMGB.








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          3.Revoking of local agency responsibilities: This bill would  
            allow a lead agency to voluntarily relinquish its  
            responsibilities to the state. When the state takes over for a  
            lead agency, the SMI, instead of the SMGB, will resume the  
            responsibilities of the lead agency. This bill would also make  
            numerous changes to specify that the powers and  
            responsibilities of the lead agency apply to the SMI when the  
            SMI is acting as a lead agency. 

            The SMGB would remain as the appeals and rule-making body. 

            This bill would establish additional procedures and  
            requirements for a lead agency to later restore its authority.

          4.Reporting fees and lead agency fees: This bill would change  
            the method by which the reporting fee is assessed. Instead of  
            being based on the produced value of the mine, the fee will be  
            based on a cost per acre and other factors in an approved  
            reclamation plan. The existing caps for both the reporting fee  
            would be reset at an unspecified amount and the minimum  
            reporting fee would be raised from $100 to $1,000. The bill  
            would also specify that the reporting fee must be sufficient  
            to cover of costs of SMGB and the DOC under SMARA. 

            This bill would specify that if the SMI is acting as lead  
            agency, it may impose a fee on a mine operator to cover its  
            reasonable costs under SMARA.

          5.Other provisions: This bill would also:
                 This bill would establish additional notifications and  
               requirements that must be completed before an operator's  
               financial assurance is forfeited.


                 Require a reclamation plan to include a schedule with  
               timelimits for the completion of reclamation. 


                 Allow the SMI, in addition to the Attorney General, to  
               seek an injunction on a surface mine that presents an  
               imminent and substantial endangerment to the public health  
               or the environment.









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                 This bill would require the SMI to report to the  
               director of DOC and the SMGB annually, beginning January 1,  
               2018, on the activities of the Abandoned Mines Land Unit,  
               including, among other things, a prioritized assessment of  
               the abandoned sites that present an imminent danger to  
               public health, safety, welfare, and the environment.


          Staff Comments: 
          1.The role of lead agency: This bill establishes a number of  
            procedural requirements for both the SMI and the lead  
            agencies. DOC estimates that these changes will not  
            significantly change its costs to administer SMARA. There may  
            be cost to the lead agencies costs to administer SMARA, though  
            these costs would not be reimbursable by the state because the  
            lead agency has fee authority on the mine operators to recover  
            any costs.

          2.Oversight of local agencies: By allowing the SMI to seek  
            judicial review of a lead agency's approval of reclamation  
            plan and financial assurances, this bill could result in the  
            SMI incurring, potentially significant, legal costs. The legal  
            costs are completely dependent on the SMI's use of this  
            voluntary authority. However, the author has proposed to  
            delete the SMI's ability to seek judicial review and instead  
            rely on the SMGB as an appeals body, which would remove the  
            potential costs. (See amendment A)

            This bill potentially increases the number of appeals to the  
            SMGB because an individual would be able to appeal both a lead  
            agency's approval and denial of a reclamation plan and  
            financial assurances, not just the denials. It is unknown to  
            what extent the number of appeals may increase, though staff  
            notes that each meeting of the SMGB costs approximately  
            $4,000. However, the author has proposed to remove this  
            provision, which would remove the potential costs. (See  
            amendment B)

          3.Revoking of local agency responsibilities: Under this bill,  
            the SMI would act as the lead agency instead of the SMGB if a  
            local agency's responsibilities were revoked. Changing the  
            body which will act on behalf of the local agency should have  
            no bearing on how frequently this action occurs, especially  








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            since the decision to revoke the local's authority would  
            remain the judgment of the SMGB. Staff notes that it is not  
            common for the state to revoke the local's authority under  
            SMARA. According to the DOC, the last ten requests for the  
            SMGB to revoke a local's authority have all been denied.

            This bill, by specifying that the SMI may charge a regulatory  
            fee to recover its costs when acting as a lead agency  
            (parallel to the local agency's existing ability), will ensure  
            that they state activities are funded when it revokes a  
            local's authority. 

          4.Reporting fees and lead agency fees: This bill changes the  
            annual reporting fees collected under SMARA by raising the  
            total amount of fees that may be collected to an unspecified  
            level, raising the maximum individual fee to an unspecified  
            level, increasing the minimum individual fee from $100 to  
            $1000, and by changing the basis for which the fee is charged.  
            Presumably the sum of these changes will result in increased  
            fee revenue to the Mine Reclamation Account. However, no such  
            total fee increase is required if there are no increases in  
            costs to the DOC or SMGB to administer SMARA. It is possible  
            that this new fee structure will change the amount of an  
            individual mine operator's reporting fee, perhaps  
            substantially, but without a substantial increase to the total  
            amount collected. 

            The author has submitted amendments to set the total revenue  
            maximum at $5.5 million and to eliminate the cap on the  
            individual mine fee. The amendments would also limit the rate  
            of increase on an individual mine operator's reporting fee as  
            a result of these changes and would require the SMGB to report  
            to the Legislature on the programs revenues and expenditures  
            as well as the program's overall budgetary needs.

            This bill may also create some savings by simplifying how the  
            fee amount is set for each mine. Under existing law, the fee  
            is largely based on the production value of the mine. Using  
            the production value as part of the basis for setting the fee  
            amount requires the mine operator on report on projected  
            production amounts and annual fee adjustments as the  
            production value changes from year to year. Under this bill,  
            the fee amount would be based on acreage, eliminating the need  
            to report production values for purpose of setting fees and to  








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            annually adjust fees, which will substantially reduce  
            workload. Additionally, having a steady reporting fee amount  
            will enable DOC to invoice electronically as well as receive  
            electronic payments. DOC has indicated that changing the fee  
            basis will reduce staffing costs significantly, though the  
            savings has not yet been quantified. 

          5.Other provisions: This bill will enable the SMI to seek an  
            injunction instead of requiring the Attorney General to take  
            this action on behalf of the director. This provision has the  
            potential to reduce legal costs; however these savings are  
            unknown and uncertain.

          Proposed Author Amendments: The author proposes the following:
           A.To delete the ability for the SMI to seek judicial review of a  
            lead agency's approval of a reclamation plan.
           
            On page 26, line 10 through 14, delete "If the State Mine  
            Inspector is dissatisfied with the lead agency's approval, the  
            State Mine Inspector may seek judicial review of that approval  
            pursuant to Section 1094.5 of the Code of Civil Procedure  
            within 30 days of notice of the lead agency's action." 

            And insert: "The State Mine Inspector may appeal the lead  
            agency's approval to the SMGB within 30 days of the lead  
            agency's action." 

            On page 26, lines 17 and 18, delete "whether judicial review  
            of the approval was obtained or not."

           B.To delete the ability for a person to appeal a lead agency's  
            or SMI's approval of a reclamation plan.

             On page 14, line 38 and 29, delete "approval or"

            On page 15, line 8, delete "approval or"
             
          C.To delete the maximum reporting fee which is unspecified in  
            the latest version of the bill and limit the rate which the  
            fee may be increased.
           
            On page 9, on lines 3 and 4, delete "The fee for each active  
            and idle mining operation shall not exceed __ dollars ($___)."  
             And insert:








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            Fees paid by an active or idle mining operation in fiscal  
            years 2015-16 and 2016-17 shall be no more than 15% greater  
            than the fee paid in fiscal year 2014-15 for any such mine. 

            (B) On or before January 1, 2016, the State Mining and Geology  
            Board shall provide a detailed report to the Legislature on  
            the revenues and expenses of the Mine Reclamation Account. The  
            report shall also identify the minimum revenue requirements of  
            the SMGB and the Division of Mines to implement this article  
            and Section 2207. 
             
          D.To specify the maximum revenue generated by reporting fees is  
            $5.5 million.

             On page 9, line 14, delete "____ dollars ($___)" and insert  
            "5,500,000 dollars ($5.5 million)"