BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  SB 1319
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          Date of Hearing:  June 16, 2014

                       ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES
                                Wesley Chesbro, Chair
                     SB 1319 (Pavley) - As Amended:  June 9, 2014
           
          SENATE VOTE  :  23-12
           
          SUBJECT  :  Oil spills: oil spill prevention and response

           SUMMARY  :  Extends the Office of Spill Prevention and Response's  
          (OSPR) marine oil spill program to all waters of the state.   
          Extends the requirements in OSPR's oil spill program to trains  
          transporting oil, oil pipelines, oil production wells, and oil  
          refineries.  

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Establishes OSPR within the Department of Fish and Wildlife  
            (DFW) and requires it to administer the state's oil spill  
            program.

          2)Establishes that OSPR has the primary authority to serve as a  
            state incident commander and direct removal, abatement,  
            response, containment, and cleanup efforts with regard to all  
            aspects of any placement of petroleum or a petroleum product  
            in the waters of the state.  

          3)Requires the Governor to establish a state oil spill  
            contingency plan, which is referred to as the California Oil  
            Spill Contingency Plan (COSCP).  Requires OSPR to submit to  
            the Governor and the Legislature an amended COSCP every three  
            years.  Requires the COSCP to address oil spill contingency  
            planning for both marine and inland spills.    

          4)Requires the Department of Finance (Finance), no less than  
            once every four years, to conduct an audit on the financial  
            basis and programmatic effectiveness of the state's oil spill  
            prevention, response, and preparedness program.

          5)Creates the Oil Spill Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) to  
            provide public input and independent judgment of the actions  
            of OSPR.  Requires the TAC to consist of 10 appointed members  
            with experience ranging from various industry activities to  
            environmental protection.  Requires the TAC to provide  








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            recommendations to OSPR and other specified state agencies on  
            the state's oil spill program, including the promulgation of  
            all rules, regulations, guidelines, and policies.

          6)Pursuant to the state's marine oil spill program:

             a)   Establishes that OSPR has the primary authority to  
               direct prevention, removal, abatement, response,  
               containment, and cleanup efforts with regard to all aspects  
               of any oil spill in the marine waters of the state, in  
               accordance with any applicable marine oil facility or  
               vessel contingency plan and the COSP.  Requires the  
               administrator to cooperate with any federal on-scene  
               coordinator, as specified in the National Contingency Plan.

             b)   Establishes a process for OSPR to provide grants to  
               local governments for (1) training and certification of a  
               local emergency responder designated as a local spill  
               response manager by a local government and (2) oil spill  
               response equipment to be deployed by a local spill response  
               manager.

             c)   Requires OSPR to adopt and implement regulations  
               governing the adequacy of oil spill contingency plans that  
               must be developed by marine oil facilities (e.g., marine  
               oil production facilities and marine oil transfer  
               terminals) and vessels carrying large amounts of oil.   
               Requires the regulations to provide for the best achievable  
               protection of waters and natural resources of the state.   
               Requires that the oil spill contingency plan regulations,  
               at a minimum, provide the following:

               i)     All areas of the marine waters of the state are at  
                 all times protected by prevention, response, containment,  
                 and cleanup equipment and operations.

               ii)    Standards set for response, containment, and cleanup  
                 equipment and operations are maintained and regularly  
                 improved to protect the resources of the state.

               iii)   All appropriate personnel employed by operators  
                 required to have a contingency plan receive training in  
                 oil spill response and cleanup equipment usage and  
                 operations.









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               iv)    Each oil spill contingency plan provides for  
                 appropriate financial or contractual arrangements for all  
                 necessary equipment and services, for the response,  
                 containment, and cleanup of a reasonable worst case oil  
                 spill scenario for each part of the coast the plan  
                 addresses.

               v)     Each oil spill contingency plan demonstrates that  
                 all protection measures are being taken to reduce the  
                 possibility of an oil spill occurring as a result of the  
                 operation of the marine facility or vessel.

               vi)    Each oil spill contingency plan identifies the types  
                 of equipment that can be used, the location of the  
                 equipment, and the time taken to deliver the equipment.

               vii)   Each marine facility conducts a hazard and  
                 operability study to identify the hazards associated with  
                 the operation of the facility, including the use of the  
                 facility by vessels, due to operating error, equipment  
                 failure, and external events.

               viii)  Each oil spill contingency plan contains a list of  
                 contacts to call in the event of a drill, threatened  
                 discharge of oil, or discharge of oil.

               ix)    Each oil spill contingency plan identifies the  
                 measures to be taken to protect the recreational and  
                 environmentally sensitive areas that would be threatened  
                 by a reasonable worst case oil spill scenario.

               x)     Standards for determining a reasonable worst case  
                 oil spill.

               xi)    Each oil spill contingency plan includes a timetable  
                 for implementing the plan.

               xii)   Each oil spill contingency plan specifies an agent  
                 for service of process. 

             d)   Requires OSPR to review and approve oil spill  
               contingency plans.  Authorizes OSPR to make inspections and  
               require drills of any oil spill contingency plan that is  
               submitted.  Requires that an approved plan be resubmitted  
               every five years.  Authorizes OSPR to require earlier or  








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               more frequent resubmission if warranted.

             e)   Establishes the Oiled Wildlife Care Network (OWCN),  
               which is a network of rescue and rehabilitation stations  
               for sea birds, sea otters, and other marine mammals injured  
               by marine oil spills.  

             f)   Establishes the Oil Spill Prevention and Administration  
               Fund (OSPAF), which finances OSPR's marine oil spill  
               prevention and preparedness programs.  Funds the OSPAF with  
               a fee not to exceed 6.5 cents that is imposed on each  
               barrel (42 gallons) of crude oil or petroleum products  
               piped in from a marine production facility or imported to a  
               marine facility (the fee is commonly referred to as the  
               "per barrel fee").  On January 1, 2015, sunsets the 6.5  
               cent fee to 5 cents, which was the amount set by the  
               Legislature in 2002.  Provides additional funding with a  
               reasonable fee on nontank vessels in an amount based on  
               OSPR's costs in implementing the oil spill program as it  
               relates to nontank vessels.  

             g)   Establishes the Oil Spill Response Trust Fund (Trust  
               Fund), which provides funding to clean up a marine oil  
               spill if the responsible party is unknown or not  
               financially capable.  Funds the Trust Fund with a uniform  
               oil spill response fee on distributors, pipeline operators,  
               refiners, and marine oil terminal operators, in an amount  
               not exceeding 25[ for each barrel of petroleum product  
               received or transported.  Imposes the fee until the Trust  
               Fund reaches its statutory level, which is approximately  
               $55 million. 

             h)   Imposes civil and criminal liability related to marine  
               oil spills.

          7)Requires the Public Utilities Committee (PUC) to take all  
            appropriate action necessary to ensure the safe operation of  
            railroads in this state.  Requires the PUC to conduct focused  
            inspections of railroad yards and track, either in  
            coordination with the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA),  
            or as the PUC determines to be necessary.  Requires the  
            focused inspection program to target railroad yards and track  
            that pose the greatest safety risk, based on inspection data,  
            accident history, and rail traffic density.









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           THIS BILL  :

          1)Extends the OSPR marine oil spill program to all waters of the  
            state.

          2)Extends the requirements in the OSPR oil spill program  
            (including oil spill contingency plan requirements, financial  
            assurance requirements, oil spill reporting requirements,  
            civil and criminal liability), to trains transporting oil, oil  
            pipelines, oil production wells, and oil refineries.  

          3)In addition to the existing requirements for an oil spill  
            contingency plan, requires a rail to include all of the  
            following in a plan:

             a)   A list of the types of train cars that may make up the  
               consist;

             b)   A list of the types of oil and petroleum products that  
               may be transported;

             c)   A map of track routes and facilities; and,

             d)   A list, description, and map of any prestaged spill  
               response equipment and personnel for deployment of the  
               equipment.

          4)Requires, as part of the COSP, that the regional and local  
            planning element provide provisions regarding the  
            "identification and mitigation of public health and safety  
            impacts."

          5)Requires OSPR, in consultation with the appropriate local,  
            state, and federal regulators, to conduct a comprehensive risk  
            assessment of nonvessel modes of transportation of oil and  
            identify those operations that pose the highest risk of a  
            pollution incident in state waters.  

          6)Requires OSPR to conduct a study and evaluation to improve  
            response activities for inland areas of the state.  Requires  
            the study to include an analysis of likely spill scenarios,  
            response requirements for oil of varying properties and urban,  
            rural, and sensitive environments, and spill response  
            equipment and resources.









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          7)Declares that it is the policy of the state that communities  
            that face significant risks associated with the transport or  
            planned transport of significant quantities of oil through or  
            near those communities be notified of the quantities and  
            properties of the oil in a timely manner.  Requires OSPR to  
            obtain and make publicly available, as allowed pursuant to  
            existing state and federal law, previously filed information  
            related to the transport of oil through, near, or into  
            communities.

          8)Expands the OWCN program to cover all waters of the state and  
            authorizes the OSPAF to fund the OWCN up to $2.5 million  
            annually.

          9)Repeals the 6.5 cent per barrel OSPAF fee and authorizes OSPR  
            to collect a fee sufficient to pay the reasonable regulatory  
            costs to carry out the prevention and preparedness activities  
            of the oil spill program.  (The "reasonable regulatory costs"  
            will be vetted by the Legislature each year and will be  
            determined by the annual budget bill.)  Requires the fee to be  
            collected from the person owning crude oil at the time the oil  
            is received at a marine terminal or refinery in the state by  
            any mode of delivery that passed over, across, under, or  
            through waters of the state.  

          10)Adds four members to the TAC: a person with demonstrable  
            knowledge of environmental protection and the study of  
            ecosystems, a person with demonstrable knowledge of the  
            railroad industry, and a person with demonstrable knowledge of  
            the oil production industry.

          11)Requires the PUC to conduct expanded focused inspections,  
            either in coordination with the FRA or as the PUC determines  
            to be necessary, of bridges and grade crossings over which oil  
            is being transported and oil unloading facilities, including  
            movement within these facilities and onside storage.  Requires  
            the expanded focused inspection program to target bridges,  
            grade crossings, and oil unloading facilities that pose the  
            greatest safety risk, based on inspection data, accident  
            history, and rail traffic density.

          12)Authorizes the PUC to regulate essential local safety hazards  
            for the transport of oil more stringently than federal safety  
            regulation.









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           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Senate Appropriations  
          Committee:

          1)Ongoing costs of $9.9 million (OSPAF) to expand the oil spill  
            response program to include all waters of the state.

          2)Ongoing savings of $2 million (Trust Fund) resulting from  
            changing the funding source for the Oiled Wildlife Care  
            Network.

          3)Ongoing revenues of at least $11.9 million (OSPAF) from  
            expansion of the per barrel oil fee base to include crude oil  
            received at refineries. 

           COMMENTS  :

           1)Author's Statement  .  
             
                Significant shifts in the mode of transportation of  
               crude oil into and within California are expected to  
               occur in the near future.  Previously, most crude oil  
               imported into California arrived by marine vessel.   
               According to the Brown Administration, the volume of  
               oil transported by rail is anticipated to increase to  
               up to 150 million barrels per year by 2016.  This  
               would be 25 percent of all the crude oil refined in  
               California.  This shift in transportation mode-with an  
               accompanying shift in the source of the oil being  
               refined in the state-means that the nature of the  
               risks associated with oil spills as well as the likely  
               locations of spills is also changing.  It is time to  
               update California's oil spill preparation, prevention  
               and response.

           2)Crude-by-Rail Spills (Background)  .  Recently, there has been a  
            dramatic increase in the amount of oil transported by rail in  
            the country: US freight railroads carried more than 400,000  
            carloads (or 280 million barrels) of crude oil in 2013,  
            compared to just 9,500 carloads (or 6.65 million barrels) in  
            2011.  The hydraulic fracturing boom in other areas of the  
            country, particularly North Dakota with its Bakken oil shale  
            formation, has been a major reason for the increase.   
            Furthermore, the flexibility and economics of rail transport  
            as compared to new pipeline construction (including Keystone  
            XL) have made crude-by-rail an attractive option: as much as  








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            90 percent of North Dakota's crude is expected to move by  
            freight rail in 2014.  
             
             Linked to this rise in crude-by-rail, has been an increase in  
            oil spills.  In 2013, the country experienced more oil spilled  
            from trains than in the previous 37 years combined.  Moreover,  
            in the last year, there have been several major crude-by-rail  
            accidents in Canada and the U.S. that illustrate how  
            vulnerable the environment and public are to these types of  
            events.  One of the most serious accidents was the  
            Lac-M�gantic derailment that occurred in the town of  
            Lac-M�gantic, Quebec on July 6, 2013.  In this accident, a  
            74-car freight train carrying crude oil from the Bakken  
            formation derailed in the downtown area, killing 47 people and  
            destroying more than 30 buildings when multiple tank cars  
            exploded and burned.  In addition, the Chaudi�re River was  
            contaminated by 26,000 gallons of crude oil.  Most recently,  
            on April 30, 2014, in downtown Lynchburg, Virgina, a train  
            carrying crude oil derailed and burst into flames, with  
            several tank cars spilling into the James River and releasing  
            30,000 gallons of oil.  The resulting fire and spill prompted  
            the city manager to declare an emergency and temporarily  
            evacuate part of downtown.  There have been six other major  
            crude-by-rail accidents in the last year, including the  
            December 30, 2013 derailment in North Dakota (which spilled  
            400,000 gallons, ignited a fire, caused the evacuation of  
            1,400 people, and led to $8 million in damages) and the  
            November 8, 2013 derailment in Alabama (which spilled oil into  
            wetlands, caused a large fire, and led to $3.9 million in  
            damages).  

            California is already experiencing the effects of increased  
            crude-by-rail transportation due to the North American  
            hydraulic fracturing boom.  In 2011, California moved less  
            than 2 million barrels of oil by rail; in 2013, that number  
            rose to more than 6 million, with a significant amount coming  
            from North Dakota.  For the first quarter of 2014,  
            crude-by-rail numbers were up 104 percent compared to the  
            first quarter of 2013 (1,414,418 barrels versus 693,457  
            barrels).

            There are currently at least five crude-by-rail refinery  
            projects being pursued in California: one in Pittsburg, one in  
            Benicia, two in Bakersfield, and one in Wilmington.  According  
            to the California Energy Commission, if all are constructed  








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            and operated at full capacity, the amount of crude oil being  
            imported via rail cars could rise to 150 million barrels, or  
            25 percent of total imports, by 2016.   

            Many of California's rail lines pass over or near bodies of  
            water and through high density population centers.   
            Crude-by-rail also presents risks that may be particularly  
            relevant to environmental justice communities situated near  
            oil refineries and offloading terminals. Communities in more  
            remote areas may have fewer skilled emergency response  
            personnel.  Since much of the oil transported by rail into  
            California comes from North Dakota's Bakken region, it should  
            be noted that the federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials  
            Safety Administration (PHMSA) issued a safety alert in January  
            of this year indicating that the type of crude oil being  
            transported from the Bakken region "may be more flammable than  
            traditional heavy crude oil." 

           3)Crude-by-Rail Spills (Current Regulations)  .  Nationally, the  
            safety and operation of railroads is governed by the  
            Department of Transportation (DOT) and specifically the FRA,  
            which implements the Federal Railroad Safety Act (FRSA) and  
            the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008.  Pursuant to this  
            authority, the FRA has promulgated hundreds of rules  
            regulating railroad operations and safety.  The PHMSA also  
            regulates the safe transportation of crude oil, ethanol, and  
            other hazardous materials by rail, coordinating with the FRA  
            on enforcement and implementation. 

            In California, the PUC is responsible for regulating railroad  
            safety where federal regulations do not preempt state  
            authority.  The FRSA preempts state regulations that have the  
            purpose or effect of regulating aspects of rail transportation  
            and safety that are covered by federal laws and regulations.   
            The federal Commerce Clause, Interstate Commerce Commission  
            Termination Act (ICCTA), Locomotive Inspection Act, and Signal  
            Inspection Act also preempt conflicting state laws and  
            regulations.  

            These strong federal preemption provisions, combined with the  
            boom of crude-by-rail, raise important questions about whether  
            existing federal regulations are stringent enough, as well as  
            what states can do to protect public health and the  
            environment.









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           4)Crude-by-Rail Spills (Recent Emergency Orders)  .  In 2013, in  
            response to the rise in crude-by-rail accidents, DOT issued an  
            emergency order requiring rail operators to test crude oil  
            before shipment to determine how susceptible the cargo is to  
            explosion or fire.  Federal regulators also outlined a series  
            of voluntary steps in February 2014, including slowing oil  
            trains in major urban areas and conducting more track  
            inspections.  The FRA, PHMSA, and DOT are considering  
            additional rail safety regulations this year.  As one example,  
            FRA is collaborating with PHMSA on a rulemaking that addresses  
            tank car design standards.

            After the recent derailment in Lynchburg, Virginia, DOT issued  
            an Emergency Restriction/Prohibition Order to large railroad  
            carriers that transport oil from the Bakken shale formation.   
            The order requires each railroad carrier to provide states  
            with notification regarding the expected movement of trains  
            carrying Bakken oil.  The notification is required to identify  
            each county in the state through which the trains will  
            operate.  As part of this order, DOT declared that "an unsafe  
            condition or an unsafe practice is causing or otherwise  
            constitutes an imminent hazard to the safe transportation of  
            hazardous materials."   This declaration is based on the  
            "pattern of releases and fires involving petroleum crude oil  
            shipments originating from the Bakken and being transported by  
            rail."

           5)Crude-by-Rail Spills (Federal Preemption)  .  States play an  
            important role in inspection and compliance under the federal  
            rail safety program; however, in general, their ability to  
            impose new regulations on rail operations and safety is quite  
            limited under FRSA, ICCTA, and other preemption provisions.  

            The FRSA provides that the rules regulating rail safety "shall  
            be nationally uniform to the extent practicable," and  
            expressly preempts state authority to adopt safety rules, save  
            for two exceptions.  

            One exception allows a state to adopt additional or more  
                                                      stringent laws related to railroad safety if (1) it is  
            necessary to eliminate or reduce an "essentially local safety  
            or security hazard;" (2) it is not incompatible with a law,  
            regulation, or order of the United States Government; and (3)  
            it does not unreasonably burden interstate commerce.









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            The PUC tried to take advantage of the second exception in  
            1991 following two high-profile train accidents: Dunsmuir and  
            Sea Cliff.  However, in a lawsuit brought against the state by  
            the rail industry, the Ninth Circuit of the United States  
            Court of Appeals explained that the meaning of an "essentially  
            local safety hazard" is quit narrow, applying to issues that  
            "are not capable of being adequately encompassed within  
            uniform national standards."  In this case, the Ninth Circuit  
            was faced with the question of whether a California rail site  
            with an abnormally high derailment rate and the highest steep  
            grade/sharp curve combination in the state falls within the  
            "essentially local safety hazards" exception.  The court found  
            that the site does not meet this exception, stating that there  
            was nothing essentially local about the steep grade/sharp  
            curve combination since other states have these types of  
            sites.  The court explained that if the federal standards are  
            ineffective, they raise concerns for the numerous other  
            localities around the country that have similar mountainous  
            curves, and that such concerns could be easily and adequately  
            address by national standards.  

            The other exception allows a state to adopt laws and  
            regulations related to railroad safety or security if DOT has  
            not "prescribe[d] a regulation or issue[d] an order covering  
            the subject matter of the State requirement."

            While DOT has adopted a regulation on oil spill "response  
            plans" for "rolling stock" (see 49 CFR 130.31), these  
            regulations do not "cover" state oil spill contingency plans.   
            This is supported by the rule making information contained in  
            the Federal Register, which states that the response plan  
            regulation "does not affect the applicability of other  
            Federal, State, local, or Indian tribe requirements that may  
            impose response obligations on the transporter."  (61 FR  
            30533, 30537.)  Additionally, the enabling statute for this  
            regulation is cited as Section 1321 of Title 33 of the United  
            States Code (which is part of the federal Clean Water Act).   
            This statute requires oil spill contingency plans for rolling  
            stock "that, because of its location, could reasonably be  
            expected to cause significant and substantial harm to the  
            environment by discharging into or on the navigable waters or  
            adjoining shorelines?"  This statute contains a savings clause  
            that states, "Nothing in this section shall be construed as  
            preempting any State or political subdivision thereof from  
            imposing any requirement or liability with respect to the  








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            discharge or hazardous substance into any waters within such  
            State, or with respect to any removal activities related to  
            such discharge."

            One of the main elements of this bill is the requirement of  
            state oil spill contingency plans for trains transporting oil  
            into the state.  Since these state mandated plans are not  
            preempted by federal law, they provide an important  
            opportunity for the state to establish significant protections  
            for the environment and public safety.   

           6)Crude-by-Rail Spills (Governor's Working Group)  .  In January  
            2014, the Governor's Office convened the Interagency Rail  
            Safety Working Group (Working Group) to examine safety  
            concerns and recommend actions the state and others should  
            take in response to this emerging risk of crude-by-rail.  One  
            June 10, 2014, the Working Group released a report entitled  
            "Oil by Rail Safety in California: Preliminary Findings and  
            Recommendations."  

            According to the report:

               Various state agencies engage in prevention, planning,  
               emergency response, and cleanup activities applicable  
               to crude-by-rail, including the Office of Emergency  
               Services (OES), the Office of State Fire Marshal  
               (OSFM), California Environmental Protection Agency  
               (CalEPA), and the Office of Spill Prevention and  
               Response (OSPR).  These state agencies are all  
               beginning to prepare for the heightened risks posed by  
               crude-by-rail.  Local agencies, including the local  
               Certified Unified Program Agencies (CUPAs), also play  
               critical roles in emergency preparedness and response,  
               and have expressed growing concern about increased  
               crude-by-rail transport.

               Several aspects of the state's emergency response  
               framework are currently being updated: The CalEPA  
               Emergency Response Management Committee is revising  
               the Hazardous Material and Oil Spill annex of the  
               State Emergency Plan, OES is leading an effort to  
               review and update the six Regional Plans for Hazardous  
               Materials Emergency Response, and OES has also  
               re-started meetings of the State Emergency Response  
               Commission (SERC), the federally-mandated state  








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               coordinating body for hazardous materials release  
               response planning.

            This report also makes the following 12 recommendations for  
          state action:

                     Increase the Number of California Public Utilities  
                 Commission Rail Inspectors

                     Improve Emergency Preparedness and Response Programs

                     Request Improved Identifiers on Tank Placards for  
                 First Responders

                     Request Railroads to Provide Real-Time Shipment  
                 Information to Emergency Responders

                     Request Railroads Provide More Information to  
                 Affected Communities

                     Develop and Post Interactive Oil by Rail Map

                     Request DOT to Expedite Phase Out of Older, Riskier  
                 Tank Cars

                     Accelerate Implementation of New Accident Prevention  
                 Technology

                     Update California Public Utilities Commission  
                 Incident Reporting Requirements

                     Request Railroads Provide the State of California  
                 with Broader Accident and Injury Data

                     Ensure Compliance with Industry Voluntary Agreement

                     Ensure State Agencies Have Adequate Data

            With regard to the second recommendation (Improve Emergency  
            Preparedness and Response Programs), the report states the  
            following:

               The Legislature should fund the proposal in the  
               Governor's Budget to extend the per barrel fee to  
               cover all sources of crude oil sent to refineries in  








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               the state, and to provide OSPR with the regulatory  
               authority and resources to establish an inland spill  
               preparedness and response program.  This will enable  
               OSPR to expand its proven maritime oil spill program  
               to inland areas.  The program will: support existing  
               prevention measures as appropriate, enhance  
               preparedness for spills (including training and  
               drills, cleanup contractor testing requirements,  
               industry drills and exercises, geographic response and  
               contingency planning, oiled wildlife rescue and  
               multi-agency coordination), and allow OSPR to oversee  
               responses to oil spills in order to maximize  
               containment, protect and restore natural resources,  
               and ensure effective cleanup.  These activities should  
               be closely coordinated with the work of state and  
               local emergency response agencies.

            This bill is very similar to the Governor's Budget proposal  
            released in January.  The notable differences are that the  
            Governor's Budget proposal includes a 6.5cent per barrel fee  
            cap (instead of a fee based on the cost of the program) and  
            does not include the additional requirements imposed on the  
            PUC.

           1)Marine Oil Spills (Background)  .  In the wake of the March  
            24,1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska (which spilled  
            approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil) and the  
            February 7, 1990 American Trader oil spill near  Huntington  
            Beach (which spilled approximately 300,000 gallons of crude  
            oil), the Legislature passed the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil  
            Spill Prevention and Response Act (Oil Spill Act), which  
            created the marine oil spill program.  This act established  
            OSPR and gave the administrator of OSPR primary authority to  
            direct prevention, removal, abatement, response, containment,  
            and cleanup efforts with regard to all aspects of any oil  
            spill in the marine waters of the state.

           2)Marine Oil Spills (OSPAF Fee).   The OSPAF was created by the  
            Oil Spill Act to fund the state's oil spill prevention and  
            preparedness programs.  The fees that support OSPAF are a 6.5  
            cent per barrel fee on oil piped in from a marine production  
            facility or imported to a marine facility and a $650 to $3,250  
            nontank vessel fee that is collected from a nontank vessel  
            when the owner or operator submits an application for  
            certificate of financial responsibility, which occurs every  








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                                                                  Page 15

            two years.  The 6.5 cent per barrel fee will decrease to 5  
            cent per barrel on January 1, 2015.  The maximum nontank  
            vessel fee was recently established at $3,250 by regulations.   
            Unlike the per barrel fee, there is no statutory cap on the  
            nontank vessel fee.  

           3)Marine Oil Spills (Audits Ensure Integrity).   The OSPAF and  
            the programs it funds have been audited by Finance (January  
            2005, December 2012) and by the State Auditor (August 2008,  
            August 2012).  Current law requires Finance to audit the OSPAF  
            programs no less than once every four years.  The audit is  
            specifically required to focus on "the financial basis and  
            programmatic effectiveness of the state's oil spill  
            prevention, response, and preparedness program."  In its  
            December 2012 audit report, the Finance stated that "[b]ased  
            on our review, the Program has effective and efficient  
            prevention, preparedness, and response activities in place."  

           4)Marine Oil Spills (Oiled Wildlife Care Network).   The OWCN is  
            the state program that rescues and rehabilitates oiled  
            wildlife in the state.  It is an integrated system of more  
            than 30 organizations and facilities strategically sited  
            throughout California that is largely considered the most  
            proactive response organization in the world dedicated to  
            wildlife affected by catastrophic oil spills.  

            In 1995, AB 1549 (Sher) directed OSPR to establish regional  
            oiled wildlife rescue and rehabilitation facilities along the  
            California coast.  In 1997, a Memorandum of Understanding was  
            signed between the Regents of the University of California and  
            OSPR assigning the administration of the OWCN to the Wildlife  
            Health Center at the University of California, Davis School of  
            Veterinary Medicine.

            Between 1995 and 2001, much of the OWCN's efforts went into  
            increasing capacity for oiled wildlife rehabilitation along  
            the California coast.  The OWCN constructed major facilities  
            in the San Diego, Los Angeles, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, and  
            Humboldt regions.  The OWCN also began working with wildlife  
            organizations throughout the state to upgrade existing  
            facilities and increase capacity to care for oiled birds and  
            mammals.

            Since the completion of the initial construction and capital  
            improvement projects, the OWCN's focus has broadened to  








                                                                  SB 1319
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            include all aspects of oiled wildlife response.  These include  
            extensive training and preparedness, fostering inter-agency  
            cooperation, refining emergency response procedures, and  
            supporting research activities to improve oiled wildlife  
            response efforts. 

            Since 1995, the OWCN has responded to more than 75 oil spills  
            throughout California and has cared for nearly 8,000 oiled  
            birds and mammals. 

            The OWCN's budget is approximately $2 million, which has been  
            funded from interest earned from the Trust Fund.  In 2011,  
            however, SB 84 (Budget) transferred $40 million from the Trust  
            Fund as a loan to the General Fund.  This loan was made to  
            help backfill the revenue loss caused by the cancelation of  
            the sale-for-leaseback of 11 large state office buildings that  
            were included in the 2010 Budget.  As a result of the loan,  
            the Oil Spill Response Trust Fund is generating virtually no  
            money for OWCN's budget.

            The Oil Spill Response Trust Fund loan is intended to be  
            repaid on June 30, 2014 with interest earned; however, as  
            stated in the 2012 oil spill program audit by Finance, there  
            is no assurance of repayment.  Moreover, Finance's audit  
            states that "[e]ven if the loan is repaid, due to the  
            economy's low interest rates, interest earned is no longer  
            sufficient to support the cost of the Program."

            The 2012 Finance audit suggests that OSPR "explore feasible  
            options to obtain a dedicated funding source for OWCN."  The  
            Director of the Department of Fish and Wildlife is treating  
            the OWCN funding issue as a "top priority."  The Director has  
            stated that time is of the essence to find a dedicated funding  
            source, especially since oil spill contingency plan holders  
            rely on OWCN existing in order to meet regulatory  
            requirements.   

            This bill provides sustainable funding for the OWCN by  
            authorizing the OSPAF to fund it.  This bill also increases  
            the OWCN's budget by $500,000 to pay for additional costs as  
            it expands its work to from marine waters to all waters of the  
            state.

           5)Double Referral  .  This bill has also been referred to the  
            Utilities and Commerce Committee.








                                                                  SB 1319
                                                                  Page 17


           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :

           Support 
           
          California League of Conservation Voters
          Clean Water Action
          Environment California
          Environmental Working Group
          Natural Resources Defense Council
          San Francisco Baykeeper
          Surfrider Foundation




           Opposition 
           
          California Chamber of Commerce
          California Independent Petroleum Association
          California Manufacturers & Technology Association
          Western States Petroleum Association
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :  Mario DeBernardo / NAT. RES. / (916)  
          319-2092