BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                         Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson, Chair
                              2013-2014 Regular Session


          SB 1356 (Lieu)
          As Amended April 10, 2014
          Hearing Date: April 22, 2014
          Fiscal: Yes
          Urgency: No
          RD


                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                Counterfeit goods: abatement: nonresidential premises

                                      DESCRIPTION 

          Existing law makes the use of a nonresidential building or place  
          for the purpose of willfully manufacturing, intentionally  
          selling, or knowingly possessing for sale any counterfeit mark,  
          as specified, a nuisance which may be enjoined, abated, and  
          prevented, and for which damages may be recovered, as specified.  
           Existing law requires reports to be provided to the Senate and  
          Assembly Judiciary Committees by October 1, 2013 from any  
          district and city attorneys, county counsels, and city  
          prosecutors who maintain an action to enjoin, abate, or prevent  
          a nuisance pursuant to these provisions.  Existing law sunsets  
          on January 1, 2015. 

          This bill would extend the above reporting requirement deadline  
          to February 1, 2015 and extend the sunset to January 1, 2016. 

                                      BACKGROUND  

          Under existing law, a nuisance is defined to mean anything which  
          is injurious to health or is indecent or offensive to the  
          senses, or an obstruction to the free use of property, so as to  
          interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property.  
          Current law deems certain uses of buildings or places to be a  
          nuisance and authorizes a district attorney, city attorney, or  
          any citizen to bring an action to abate and prevent the  
          nuisance.  Such uses include buildings or places used for the  
          purposes of illegal gambling or prostitution, unlawfully  
          selling, serving, storing, keeping, manufacturing, or giving  
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          away any controlled substance, and unlawfully selling, serving,  
          or giving away alcoholic liquor.  

          In 2009, AB 568 (Lieu, Ch. 453, Stats. 2009) was enacted to  
          provide that if a person is convicted for willfully  
          manufacturing, intentionally selling, or knowingly possessing  
          for sale any counterfeit mark, as specified, then a  
          nonresidential building or place used by that person for that  
          purpose shall be deemed a nuisance which may be enjoined,  
          abated, and prevented, and for which damages may be recovered,  
          whether it is a public or private nuisance.  The bill also  
          required a 30 days' notice to be sent to the owner prior to the  
          filing of any such action.  Additionally, the bill required that  
          any district and city attorneys, county counsels, and city  
          prosecutors who maintain an action to enjoin, abate, or prevent  
          a nuisance pursuant to these provisions provide specified  
          reports to the Senate and Assembly Judiciary Committees by  
          October 1, 2013.  The provisions added by AB 568 will sunset on  
          January 1, 2015. 

          This bill would extend the deadline for these reports to  
          February 1, 2015 and extend the sunset to January 1, 2016. 

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
          
          Existing law  defines a nuisance as anything which is injurious  
          to health, including but not limited to, the illegal sale of  
          controlled substances, or is indecent or offensive to the  
          senses, or an obstruction to the free use of property, so as to  
          interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property, or  
          unlawfully obstructs the free passage or use, in the customary  
          manner, of any navigable lake, river, bay, stream, canal, or  
          basin, or any public park, square, street, or highway. (Civ.  
          Code Sec. 3479.)

           Existing law  makes it a crime for any person to willfully  
          manufacture, intentionally sell, or knowingly possess for sale  
          any counterfeit mark registered with the Secretary of State or  
          patented by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.   
          Existing law provides for certain criminal fines, imprisonment,  
          or both, where the offense involves 1,000 or more of  
          counterfeited goods, or has a total retail or fair market value  
          equal to or greater than that required for grand theft as  
          defined.  (Pen. Code Sec. 350(a)(2).)  

           Existing law  makes it a crime for any person to fail to disclose  
                                                                      



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          the origin of a recording or audiovisual work if, for commercial  
          advantage or financial gain, he or she knowingly advertises or  
          offers for sale or resale, or sells or resells, or causes the  
          rental, sale, or resale of, or rents, or manufactures, or  
          possesses for these purposes, any recording or audiovisual work,  
          the outside cover, box, jacket, or label of which does not  
          clearly and conspicuously disclose the actual true name and  
          address of the manufacturer thereof and the name of the actual  
          author, artist, performer, producer, programmer, or group  
          thereof, except as specified.  Existing law prescribes the  
          punishment for any convictions under this section based upon the  
          volume of articles involved.  (Pen. Code Sec. 653w.) 

           Existing law  , until January 1, 2015, provides that if there is a  
          conviction by any person for a violation of the specified Penal  
          Code provisions above, then a nonresidential building or place  
          used by that person for the purpose of willfully manufacturing,  
          intentionally selling, or knowingly possessing for sale any  
          counterfeit goods shall be deemed a nuisance which may be  
          enjoined, abated, and prevented, and for which damages may be  
          recovered, whether it is a public or private nuisance. Existing  
          law, among other things, specifies the remedies and procedures  
          that may be applied by the court, and requires that an owner be  
          provided with 30 days' notice prior to the filing of an action  
          to abate a nuisance under the provisions of this section.  (Bus.  
          & Prof. Code Sec. 17800.)

           Existing law  requires a district attorney, county counsel, city  
          attorney, or city prosecutor that maintains an action or actions  
          to enjoin, abate, or prevent a counterfeiting nuisance report to  
          the Senate and Assembly Committees on Judiciary, by October 1,  
          2013, on their use of the provisions of this chapter and their  
          effectiveness. The report shall include, but not be limited to,  
          all of the following:
           the frequency of use of the nuisance abatement provisions as  
            well as statistics on whether the use of the abatement  
            provisions correlates with a decrease in the use of criminal  
            penalties; and 
           any statistics or information concerning the impact of the use  
            of these provisions on counterfeiting overall, both in the  
            relevant county or city and overall.  (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec.  
            17801.)

           This bill  would extend the sunset on the counterfeiting  
          abatement provisions above to January 1, 2016 and would extend  
          the deadline for the mandated reports to February 1, 2015. 
                                                                      



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                                       COMMENT
           
          1.   Stated need for the bill  

          According to the author: 

            Los Angeles and New York City hold the dubious distinction of  
            being the nation's leading centers for trafficking in pirated  
            and counterfeited goods.

            Counterfeit goods are a danger to consumers, undermine  
            legitimate businesses, and deprive tax-payers of revenues  
            needed for public services. 

            Counterfeit goods sellers play a major role in the underground  
            economy and rarely pay taxes or contribute to workers  
            compensation funds.  In a time of critical shortages in public  
            budgets, these massive losses in tax revenues translate into  
            reductions in vital services that we can ill afford.

            According to the Los Angeles County Economic Development  
            Corporation (LAEDC), counterfeiting and piracy have cost Los  
            Angeles County at least 70,000 manufacturing jobs and 36,000  
            retail jobs, resulting in the loss of $482 million in tax  
            revenues for the city of Los Angeles and county of Los  
            Angeles.

            In January of 2014, the United Nations Office on Drugs and  
            Crime (UNODC) reported that counterfeit goods are a minimum of  
            a $250 billion problem worldwide. Some estimates put the total  
            far higher.  For example, the International Chamber of  
            Commerce estimates counterfeit goods are a $650 billion dollar  
            problem worldwide, and will be a $1.7 billion dollar problem  
            in 2015.  

            [ . . . ] This bill would help eliminate the growing problem  
            of piracy and counterfeiting plaguing California communities."

          2.   April 10, 2014 amendments  

          As noted in the Background, in 2009, AB 568 (Lieu, Ch. 453,  
          Stats. 2009) was enacted to make the use of a nonresidential  
          building for the purpose of manufacturing, selling, possessing  
          for sale any counterfeit mark, as specified, a nuisance that  
          could be enjoined, abated, or prevented, and for which damages  
                                                                      



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          may be recovered, if certain requirements are met.  Those  
          provisions are currently set to sunset on January 1, 2015. 

          When AB 568 was heard in this Committee, several amendments were  
          taken by the author to address concerns. Among other things,  
          these amendments: (1) required that a person first be convicted  
          of certain crimes involving large volumes of counterfeit goods  
          to ensure against the possibility that a nuisance abatement  
          action could be brought for a single counterfeit item; (2)  
          required that owners be provided 30 days' notice before an  
          action to abate such a nuisance is filed; and (3) mandated  
          specified reports so as to enable this Committee to assess the  
          usefulness and/or any unintended or undesirable impacts or  
          consequences of the statute, at the very time in which the  
          proponents would presumably seek a sunset extension or deletion.  
           (See Sen. Judiciary Com., analysis of AB 568 (2009-2010 Reg.  
          Session, July 14, 2009, pp. 5, 9.)  

          As introduced, this bill would have removed each of the above  
          required amendments, deleted the mandated reports which were due  
          to the Senate and Assembly Judiciary committees on October 1,  
          2013, and extended the statute indefinitely.  While the October  
          1, 2013 deadline for submitting the reports has passed, staff  
          notes no such reports detailing either the effectiveness or the  
          unintended impacts of AB 568 have been provided to the  
          Committee.  

          Recognizing the importance of allowing this Committee to review  
          the required reports on the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness)  
          of the statute before changing or removing language that this  
          Committee required in approving the original legislation, the  
          April 10, 2014 amendments substantially narrowed the bill.   
          Accordingly, as amended, this bill would leave the existing  
          statute intact, merely extend the sunset by one year to January  
          1, 2016, and re-set the deadline for the reports to February 1,  
          2015.  This modest approach would preserve the existing statute  
          long enough to allow the proponents of the bill additional time  
          to provide this Committee with the necessary information before  
          any determinations are made as to the appropriateness of  
          altering the existing requirements or extending the sunset date.  
            



          3.   Removal of opposition based on recent amendments  

                                                                      



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          The California Swap Meet Owners' Association (CSMA) opposed the  
          introduced version of this bill out of concerns that the bill  
          would remove important due process protections (specifically,  
          the elimination of the conviction requirement, the requirement  
          that owners be provided with 30 days' notice prior to the filing  
          of an action to abate such a nuisance, and the removal of the  
          discretion of the courts in awarding certain remedies and  
          procedures).  The CSMA has removed its opposition in light of  
          the April 10, 2014 amendments would, instead, simply extend the  
          sunset by one year to allow for the required reports to be  
          submitted by February 1, 2015. 


           Support  :  None Known 

           Opposition :  None Known 

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  Los Angeles City Attorney

           Related Pending Legislation  :  None Known

           Prior Legislation  :  AB 568 (Lieu, Ch. 453, Stats. 2009) See  
          Background. 

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