BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                         Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson, Chair
                              2013-2014 Regular Session


          SB 1451 (Hill and Roth)
          As Amended April 21, 2014
          Hearing Date: May 6, 2014
          Fiscal: No
          Urgency: No
          TH


                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                  Environmental Quality: Judicial Review: Standing

                                      DESCRIPTION  

          Existing law requires a petitioner to exhaust his or her  
          administrative remedies before initiating an action or  
          proceeding to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul a public  
          agency's acts or decisions on the grounds of noncompliance with  
          the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).  CEQA provides  
          that exhaustion of administrative remedies has not occurred  
          unless: (1) the alleged grounds for noncompliance were presented  
          to the public agency orally or in writing by any person during  
          the public comment period or prior to the close of the public  
          hearing on the project before the issuance of the notice of  
          determination; and (2) the person seeking to bring suit objected  
          to the approval of the project orally or in writing during the  
          public comment period or prior to the close of the public  
          hearing on the project before the filing of the notice of  
          determination.

          This bill would expand CEQA's exhaustion requirements by  
          precluding an individual from challenging a public agency's  
          compliance with the act if the alleged grounds of noncompliance  
          were known or could have been known with the exercise of  
          reasonable diligence during the public comment period, but the  
          alleged grounds of noncompliance were presented to the public  
          agency at a time other than during the public comment period.   
          This bill would also expand CEQA's exhaustion requirements by  
          precluding a person from challenging a public agency's  
          compliance if the person objected to the approval of the project  

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          at a time other than during the public comment period when a  
          public comment period was provided.

                                      BACKGROUND  

          Enacted in 1970, the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)  
          requires state and local agencies (public agencies) to follow a  
          set protocol to disclose and evaluate the significant  
          environmental impacts of proposed projects and to adopt feasible  
          measures to mitigate those impacts.  CEQA itself applies to  
          "projects" undertaken or requiring approval by public agencies,  
          and, if more than one agency is involved, CEQA requires one of  
          the agencies to be designated as the "lead agency."  The  
          environmental review process required by CEQA consists of:  (1)  
          determining if the activity is a project; (2) determining if the  
          project is exempt from CEQA; and (3) performing an initial study  
          to identify the environmental impacts and, depending on the  
          findings, prepare either a Negative Declaration (for projects  
          with no significant impacts), a Mitigated Negative Declaration  
          (for projects with significant impacts but that are revised in  
          some form to avoid or mitigate those impacts), or an  
          Environmental Impact Report (for projects with significant  
          impacts).

          An Environmental Impact Report (EIR) must accurately describe  
          the proposed project, identify and analyze each significant  
          environmental impact expected to result from the proposed  
          project, identify mitigation measures to reduce those impacts to  
          the extent feasible, and evaluate a range of reasonable  
          alternatives to the proposed project.  Prior to approving any  
          project that has received environmental review, an agency must  
          make certain findings pertaining to the project's environmental  
          impact and any associated mitigation measures.  If mitigation  
          measures are required or incorporated into a project, the public  
          agency must adopt a reporting or monitoring program to ensure  
          compliance with those measures.  To enforce the requirements of  
          CEQA, a civil action may be brought under several code sections  
          to attack, review, set aside, void or annul the acts or  
          decisions of a public agency for noncompliance with the act.

          Importantly, studies and reports prepared to comply with CEQA  
          are public documents, and CEQA includes procedures for agencies  
          to receive public comment on these environmental documents,  


                                                                      




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          including draft EIRs and proposed Negative Declarations.<1>   
          CEQA requires lead agencies to respond to public comments if  
          they are received during the designated public comment period,  
          however comments may be offered at any point before a public  
          agency decides to approve a project, including during public  
          hearings to certify an EIR after the close of designated public  
          comment periods.  The ability to offer comments after the close  
          of designated public comment periods can be used as a tactic -  
          colloquially known as "document dumping" - to delay public  
          agency decisionmaking or to preserve challenges to a project for  
          use in subsequent litigation.

          On the other hand, there may be legitimate reasons why members  
          of the public offer comments on a project after the close of a  
          designated comment period, including when agency responses to  
          other comments reveal new information, when changes to the  
          project are proposed, and when corrections are made to draft  
          environmental documents.  Additionally, some members of the  
          public might offer late comments because they were unaware of an  
          ongoing CEQA process or unaware that the designated public  
          comment period had closed.

          In order to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul a public  
          agency's acts or decisions on the grounds of noncompliance with  
          CEQA, a petitioner must first exhaust his or her administrative  
          remedies.  Exhaustion of administrative remedies has not  
          occurred under the act unless: (1) the alleged grounds for  
          noncompliance were presented to the public agency during the  
          public comment period or prior to the close of the public  
          hearing on the project before the issuance of the notice of  
          determination; and (2) the person seeking to bring suit objected  
          to the approval of the project during the public comment period  
          or prior to the close of the public hearing on the project  
          ---------------------------
          <1> Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations provides:

            Public participation is an essential part of the CEQA process.  
             Each public agency should include provisions in its CEQA  
            procedures for wide public involvement, formal and informal,  
            consistent with its existing activities and procedures, in  
            order to receive and evaluate public reactions to  
            environmental issues related to the agency's activities.  Such  
            procedures should include, whenever possible, making  
            environmental information available in electronic format on  
            the Internet, on a web site maintained or utilized by the  
            public agency.  (14 Cal. Code Regs. Sec. 15201.)

                                                                      




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          before the filing of the notice of determination.

          This bill would expand CEQA's exhaustion requirements by  
          precluding an individual from challenging a public agency's  
          compliance with the act unless they both voiced their objection  
          to a project and provided the alleged grounds of noncompliance  
          to the agency during the public comment period, provided the  
          alleged grounds of noncompliance were known or could have been  
          known with the exercise of reasonable diligence during the  
          public comment period.

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
           1.Existing law  , the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA),  
            requires a public agency to prepare, or cause to be prepared,  
            and to certify the completion of, an environmental impact  
            report (EIR) on a project that it proposes to carry out or  
            approve that may have a significant effect on the environment  
            or to adopt a negative declaration if it finds that the  
            project will not have that effect.  (Pub. Resources Code Sec.  
            21100 et seq.)

             Existing law  provides that an action or proceeding to attack,  
            review, set aside, void, or annul the acts or decisions of a  
            public agency on the grounds of noncompliance with CEQA may be  
            commenced when, among other things, it is alleged that:
                 a public agency is carrying out or has approved a  
               project that may have a significant effect on the  
               environment without having determined whether the project  
               may have a significant effect on the environment;
                 a public agency has improperly determined whether a  
               project may have a significant effect on the environment;
                 an environmental impact report prepared by, or caused to  
               be prepared by, a public agency does not comply with CEQA;
                 a public agency has improperly determined that a project  
               is not subject to CEQA; or
                 another act or omission of a public agency does not  
               comply with CEQA.  (Pub. Resources Code Sec. 21167.)
             Existing law  requires a public agency to prepare a record of  
            proceedings relating to the subject of an action or proceeding  
            to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul its acts or  
            decisions on the grounds of noncompliance with CEQA.  The  
            public agency's record of proceedings shall include, among  
            other things, any transcript or minutes of the proceedings at  
            which the decisionmaking body of the public agency heard  

                                                                      




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            testimony on, or considered any environmental document on, the  
            project, and any transcript or minutes of proceedings before  
            any advisory body to the public agency that were presented to  
            the decisionmaking body prior to action on the environmental  
            documents or on the project.  (Pub. Resources Code Sec.  
            21167.6.)

             Existing law  states that an action or proceeding to attack,  
            review, set aside, void, or annul the acts or decisions of a  
            public agency on the grounds of noncompliance with CEQA shall  
            not be brought unless the alleged grounds for noncompliance  
            were presented to the public agency orally or in writing by  
            any person during the public comment period provided by CEQA  
            or prior to the close of the public hearing on the project  
            before the issuance of the notice of determination.  (Pub.  
            Resources Code Sec. 21177(a).)

             Existing law  states that a person shall not maintain an action  
            or proceeding to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul the  
            acts or decisions of a public agency on the grounds of  
            noncompliance with CEQA unless that person objected to the  
            approval of the project orally or in writing during the public  
            comment period provided by CEQA or prior to the close of the  
            public hearing on the project before the filing of the notice  
            of determination.  (Pub. Resources Code Sec. 21177(b).)

             Existing law  does not preclude any organization formed after  
            the approval of a project from maintaining an action or  
            proceeding to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul the  
            acts or decisions of a public agency on the grounds of  
            noncompliance with CEQA if a member of that organization has  
            complied with the above two provisions.  Existing law provides  
            that the grounds for noncompliance may have been presented  
            directly by a member or by a member agreeing with or  
            supporting the comments of another person.  (Pub. Resources  
            Code Sec. 21177(c).)

             This bill  would provide that an action or proceeding to  
            attack, review, set aside, void, or annul the acts or  
            decisions of a public agency on the grounds of noncompliance  
            with CEQA shall not be brought unless:
                 the alleged grounds for noncompliance with CEQA were  
               presented to the public agency orally or in writing by any  
               person during the public comment period provided by CEQA;  
               or

                                                                      




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                 if the alleged grounds for noncompliance were not known  
               and could not have been known with the exercise of  
               reasonable diligence during the public comment period or if  
               no public comment period was provided, the alleged grounds  
               for noncompliance were presented to the public agency  
               orally or in writing by any person prior to the close of  
               the public hearing on the project before the issuance of  
               the notice of determination.
             This bill  would specify that the provision above does not  
            apply to an action or proceeding challenging a project for  
            which a public comment period has expired but the project  
            approval has not been granted on or before January 1, 2015.
             
            This bill  would provide that a person shall not maintain an  
            action or proceeding to attack, review, set aside, void, or  
            annul the acts or decisions of a public agency on the grounds  
            of noncompliance with CEQA unless:
                 that person objected to the approval of the project  
               orally or in writing during the public comment period  
               provided by CEQA; or
                 if no public comment period was provided, that person  
               objected to the approval of the project orally or in  
               writing prior to the close of the public hearing on the  
               project before the filing of the notice of determination.

           1.Existing law  provides, until January 1, 2016, that an  
            organization formed after the approval of a project may not  
            maintain an action or proceeding to attack, review, set aside,  
            void, or annul the acts or decisions of a public agency on the  
            grounds of noncompliance with CEQA without first having had a  
            member of that organization present the alleged grounds for  
            noncompliance to the agency during the public comment period  
            provided by this division or prior to the close of the public  
            hearing on the project before the issuance of the notice of  
            determination.

             This bill  would eliminate this sunset provision and make the  
            above requirement permanent.

                                        COMMENT
           
           1.Stated need for the bill  

          The author writes:
          

                                                                      




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            Although well-intentioned, Public Resources Code [S]ection  
            21177 has resulted in unintended consequences since the 1993  
            legislation [codifying the exhaustion of administrative  
            remedies doctrine].  Specifically, over the past decade,  
            project opponents-including businesses, unions, environmental  
            groups, and others-have engaged in an increasingly used tactic  
            known as "document dumping."  Document dumping occurs when  
            project opponents seek to intentionally delay project  
            approvals by submitting lengthy, detailed comment letters and  
            extensive documentation on the day of the public hearing  
            (i.e., the day the project is to be approved).  These comments  
            and documentations typically contain entirely new claims and  
            allegations that had not-but indeed could have-been presented  
            during the designated public comment period on the draft  
            environmental document.  Importantly, document dumping is used  
            by would be litigants for all types of project approvals,  
            including infill development, public works projects, hospital  
            construction and upgrades, school facilities, renewable energy  
            facilities, affordable housing developments, and others.   
            The reason parties are able to document dump is because, under  
            current Public Resources Code [S]ection 21177(a), parties are  
            permitted to present issues of any kind until the close of the  
            public hearing on the project, even if those issues could have  
            been presented earlier in the process.

            SB 1451 would reduce the use of the document dumping tactic.   
            Specifically, the proposal would require comments to be  
            presented during the public comment period on the draft  
            environmental document, unless the comments could not have  
            been presented during the public comment period.  Importantly,  
            under the proposal, any comments that could not have been  
            presented during the public comment period may be presented  
            after the public comment period and prior to the close of the  
            public hearing on the project.  This will prevent commenters  
            from raising issues on the day of the hearing that could have  
            been brought earlier in the process, such as those related to  
            the initially circulated draft environmental document, and  
            then suing on those issues in court.  This change encourages  
            early public engagement and informed decision making and thus  
            preserves the overall function and purpose of CEQA.

            Importantly, nothing in this proposal prevents interested  
            parties from making comments or raising issues to the lead  
            agency at any time during the environmental review process.   
            All parties remain empowered to petition decision makers and  

                                                                      




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            make their concerns heard at hearings, in writing or otherwise  
            at any time.  SB 1451 only places certain limitations on those  
            issues that may be raised in litigation following the project  
            approval.

           2.Public Policy
           
          When it passed CEQA in 1970, the Legislature declared that the  
          "maintenance of a quality environment for the people of this  
          state now and in the future is a matter of statewide concern."   
          (Pub. Resources Code Sec. 21000(a).)  CEQA's findings and  
          declarations expressly direct that "all agencies of the state  
          government which regulate activities of private individuals,  
          corporations, and public agencies which are found to affect the  
          quality of the environment, shall regulate such activities so  
          that major consideration is given to preventing environmental  
          damage . . ."  (Pub. Resources Code Sec. 21000(g).)  CEQA's  
          environmental review process gives effect to the policy of  
          giving major consideration to preventing environmental damage by  
          forcing public agencies to critically examine the environmental  
          impacts of proposed projects before approving them.  The  
          California Supreme Court has recognized that CEQA's "purpose is  
          to inform the public and its responsible officials of the  
          environmental consequences of their decisions before they are  
          made," and in so doing "protects not only the environment but  
          also informed self-government."  (Citizens of Goleta Valley v.  
          Board of Supervisors (1990) 52 Cal.3d 553, 564 [citations  
          omitted].)  CEQA exists "not to generate paper, but to compel  
          government at all levels to make decisions with environmental  
          consequences in mind."  (Id. [citations omitted].)

          CEQA, like many other statutes in environmental law, is  
          primarily enforced through litigation brought by private  
          parties.  By expanding the scope of CEQA's existing  
          administrative exhaustion requirement, this bill may insulate  
          government decisionmaking from challenge when, despite knowing  
          of a potential significant impact to the environment, a public  
          agency nonetheless approves a project because it knows it is  
          effectively immune from suit.  It is important to keep in mind  
          that the ultimate "duty of identifying and evaluating  
          potentially feasible project alternatives" and assessing the  
          environmental impact of a project "lies with the proponent and  
          the lead agency, not the public."  (Citizens of Goleta Valley v.  
          Bd. of Supervisors, 52 Cal.3d at 568.)  "Nowhere in CEQA is  
          there a provision that this duty is conditional on a project  

                                                                      




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          opponent coming forward with a documented alternative" or with  
          information rebutting a public agency's findings and  
          conclusions.  (Id. [citations omitted].)  Forcing public  
          agencies to address public comments that raise genuine issues  
          during the environmental review process ultimately help these  
          agencies carry out their duties under CEQA, and to the extent  
          this bill undercuts the ability of members of the public to  
          challenge agency decisionmaking it may render this duty  
          essentially unenforceable.

          SHOULD GOVERNMENT DECISIONMAKING BE IMMUNE FROM PUBLIC  
          CHALLENGE?

           3.Necessity for bill  

          As discussed above, the stated purpose for this bill is to  
          prevent parties from intentionally submitting late comments or  
          objections during the environmental review process solely for  
          the purpose of delaying a project or public agency  
          decisionmaking.  The California State Association of Counties,  
          writing in support, states:

            Under current law . . . would-be petitioners do not have to  
            raise their arguments during the public comment period in  
            order to preserve them for review in court-comments can be  
            raised at any time up until the agency takes final action at  
            the hearing on the project.  This has resulted in members of  
            the public submitting lengthy comments at the project hearing,  
            forcing lengthy delays in the process in order to  
            appropriately review and respond to those comments.  Last  
            minute comments on a draft EIR[] can delay a public agency's  
            ability to consider and respond to the comments, and creates  
            additional costly delays for public agencies.

          While the tactic of submitting late comments in order to delay a  
          project is a genuine problem recognized by the courts, see e.g.  
          Advocates v. City of Atwater (Cal.App.5th Dist. 2011) 2011  
          Cal.App. Unpub. LEXIS 2176, it appears that under current law  
          courts have sufficient resources at their disposal to address  
          this problem.  The California Supreme Court has stated:

            We cannot, of course, overemphasize our disapproval of the  
            tactic of withholding objections, which could have been raised  
            earlier in the environmental review process, solely for the  
            purpose of obstruction and delay.  As one federal court has  

                                                                      




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            aptly stated: "[T]he NEPA requirement of studying alternatives  
            may not be turned into a game to be played by persons who-for  
            whatever reasons and with whatever depth of conviction-are  
            chiefly interested in scuttling a particular project."   
            (Citizens of Goleta Valley v. Bd. of Supervisors (1990) 52  
            Cal.3d 553, 568.) 

          California's appellate courts have responded to this problem by  
                                                                      developing a "fair presentation" standard for determining when a  
          party has exhausted administrative remedies and may sue a public  
          agency for CEQA non-compliance.  Under existing law, a  
          petitioner may not challenge a public agency's compliance with  
          CEQA when the grounds for challenge were not first "fairly  
          presented" to the agency.  (Banker's Hill, Hillcrest, Park West  
          Community Preservation Group v. City of San Diego (Cal.App.4th  
          Dist. 2006) 139 Cal.App.4th 249, 282.)  In Citizens for  
          Responsible Equitable Environmental Development v. City of San  
          Diego, an appellate court used this "fair presentation" standard  
          to dismiss CEQA challenges to a project based on objections  
          brought late in the environmental review process by a group  
          (CREED) who dropped off thousands of documents shortly before a  
          public hearing.  In relevant part, the court held:

            Additionally, CREED cannot claim exhaustion by citing  
            documents buried among thousands of documents on the DVD it  
            submitted to the city clerk before the first CEQA hearing . .  
            . To satisfy the exhaustion doctrine, an issue must be "fairly  
            presented" to the agency.  Evidence must be presented in a  
            manner that gives the agency the opportunity to respond with  
            countervailing evidence.  The City cannot be expected to pore  
            through thousands of documents to find something that arguably  
            supports CREED's belief the project should not go forward.   
            Additionally, CREED did not appear at either CEQA hearing to  
            elaborate on its position.  It appears from CREED's haphazard  
            approach that its sole intent was to preserve an appeal.  "It  
            was never contemplated that a party to an administrative  
            hearing should make only a perfunctory or 'skeleton' showing  
            in the hearing and thereafter obtain an unlimited trial de  
            novo, on expanded issues, in the reviewing court."  (Citizens  
            for Responsible Equitable Environmental Development v. City of  
            San Diego (Cal.App.4th Dist. 2011) 196 Cal.App.4th 515, 528  
            [citations omitted].)

          Cases such as Citizens for Responsible Equitable Environmental  
          Development v. City of San Diego indicate that California courts  

                                                                      




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          can already address the problem of "document dumping" and the  
          practice of intentionally submitting CEQA objections late in the  
          environmental review process under existing law.  Writing in  
          opposition, the Sierra Club of California states that "current  
          law and court practice indicate that this sort of late submittal  
          is neither common nor tolerated by the courts, and so additional  
          law on the subject is not needed."  The Committee may want to  
          consider whether existing law already contains adequate remedies  
          to address CEQA challenges intentionally brought late in the  
          environmental review process.

          DOES EXISTING LAW ALREADY SOLVE THE PROBLEM ADDRESSED BY THIS  
          BILL?

           4.Limiting public participation
           
          This bill would expand CEQA's existing administrative exhaustion  
          requirement by precluding individuals from challenging a public  
          agency's compliance with the act unless they both voiced their  
          objections to a project and provided the alleged grounds of  
          noncompliance to the agency during the public comment period,  
          provided the alleged grounds of noncompliance were known or  
          could have been known with the exercise of reasonable diligence  
          during the public comment period.  The League of California  
          Cities contends that:

            SB 1451 seeks to make a moderate, but important change to the  
            comment period by requiring the alleged grounds for  
            noncompliance to be presented during the public comment  
            period.  Encouraging comments early in the CEQA process  
            ensures that lead agencies can respond to issues and address  
            them going forward.  SB 1451 also includes exceptions to the  
            requirement that comments be presented during the public  
            comment period such as no comment period being provided or in  
            the case where the comments couldn't have been presented  
            during the comment period because the information wasn't  
            available at the time.  These exceptions seek to balance the  
            need for lead agencies to get information in a timely manner  
            and recognize that there may be instances where submitting  
            comments during the comment period is not always possible. 

          Despite the author's effort to balance the needs of public  
          agencies to receive comments and objections early in the  
          environmental review process with the right of citizens to  
          petition their government and present objections to proposed  

                                                                      




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          projects, from a public policy standpoint the proposed changes  
          to CEQA's exhaustion requirements may undermine effective public  
          participation in the CEQA process.  As noted above, CEQA is  
          enforced primarily through private litigation.  Placing  
          restrictions on the ability of citizens to force agencies to  
          comply with CEQA based on whether or not they submitted their  
          comments or objections within a narrow window of time may  
          ultimately frustrate the effectiveness of CEQA's enforcement  
          structure.  Further, as noted above, there may be legitimate  
          reasons why members of the public offer comments on a project  
          after the close of a designated comment period, including when  
          agency responses to other comments reveal new information or  
          perspectives, when changes to a project are proposed after the  
          close of public comment period, and when corrections are made to  
          draft environmental documents in response to comments.  Some  
          members of the public might offer late comments because they  
          were unaware of an ongoing CEQA process or unaware that the  
          designated public comment period had closed.

          As a matter of policy, members of the public who desire to  
          participate in the environmental decisionmaking process ought  
          not to be excluded from meaningful participation because they  
          lack familiarity with the CEQA process.  Writing in opposition,  
          the Sierra Club of California notes that this bill "would hinder  
          the ability of the average citizen, one who is neither an  
          attorney nor heavily experienced in environmental review  
          processes, from fully and most effectively participating in the  
          environmental review process."  Indeed, as drafted, this bill  
          might undermine the utility of public hearings held on a project  
          after the conclusion of the designated comment period.  Would  
          this bill enable public agencies to disregard legitimate public  
          comments and objections offered at these hearings without fear  
          of recourse?  Would this bill effectively prioritize elimination  
          of delay during the review process over meaningful public  
          participation?

          DOES THIS BILL LIMIT MEANINGFUL PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE  
          ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW PROCESS?
           
          5.Elimination of Sunset
           
          Until January 1, 2016, existing law states that an organization  
          formed after the approval of a project may maintain a CEQA  
          action if a member of that organization has both: (1) presented  
          the alleged grounds for noncompliance with CEQA to the public  

                                                                      




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          agency during the public comment period or prior to the close of  
          the public hearing on the project before the issuance of the  
          notice of determination; and (2) objected to the approval of the  
          project during the public comment period or prior to the close  
          of the public hearing on the project before the filing of the  
          notice of determination.  After January 1, 2016, existing law  
          would provide that an organization formed after the approval of  
          a project may maintain a CEQA action so long as a member of that  
          organization has objected to the approval of the project during  
          the public comment period or prior to the close of the public  
          hearing on the project before the filing of the notice of  
          determination - presenting the alleged grounds for noncompliance  
          to the agency would not explicitly be required as it is  
          currently.  This bill would eliminate the existing sunset  
          provision and would make permanent the requirement presently in  
          force.

          The author states that elimination of the sunset is warranted  
          because if a litigant need only comply with the requirement to  
          personally register an objection to the project, "then one's  
          mere participation in the environmental process would allow that  
          individual to form a group and sue on any issue at all, even if  
          that issue did not properly comply with the timing requirements  
          noted in the amendments.   This could, in theory, render the  
          amendments meaningless."

           6.Unintended Consequences
           
          In order to bring a CEQA action, this bill would require a  
          petitioner to both present his or her alleged grounds of  
          noncompliance with CEQA to the public agency and object to the  
          approval of a project during the designated public comment  
          period if his or her alleged grounds of noncompliance were known  
          or could have been known with the exercise of reasonable  
          diligence during the comment period.  As this requirement is  
          jurisdictional, it appears that this bill may preclude a CEQA  
          action premised on comments or objections made to a public  
          agency before the public comment period that are not  
          subsequently repeated during the public comment period.
           Support  :  American Council of Engineering Companies; American  
          Institute of Architects; American Planning Association,  
          California Chapter; Associated General Contractors of America;  
          Bay Area Council; California Apartment Association; California  
          Association of Realtors; California Building Industry  
          Association; California Business Properties Association;  

                                                                      




          SB 1451 (Hill and Roth)
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          California Business Roundtable; California Chamber of Commerce;  
          California Hospital Association; California League of Food  
          Processors; California Manufacturers and Technology Association;  
          California Restaurant Association; California Retailers  
          Association; California State Association of Counties;  
          California Transit Association; Civil Justice Association of  
          California; Chambers of Commerce Alliance of Ventura and Santa  
          Barbara Counties; Chamber of Santa Barbara Region; Construction  
          Employers' Association; Fullerton Chamber of Commerce; Goleta  
          Valley Chamber of Commerce; Greater Conejo Valley Chamber of  
          Commerce; Huntington Beach Chamber of Commerce; Greater  
          Riverside Chambers of Commerce; Independent Energy Producers  
          Association; Irvine Chamber of Commerce; Lake Elsinore Valley  
          Chamber of Commerce; League of California Cities; Monterey  
          Peninsula Chamber of Commerce; Murrieta Chamber of Commerce;  
          National Federation of Independent Business; Oxnard Chamber of  
          Commerce; Palm Desert Chamber of Commerce; Rural County  
          Representatives of California; San Francisco Chamber of  
          Commerce; San Gabriel Valley Legislative Coalition of Chambers;  
          San Jose Silicon Valley Chamber of Commerce; Santa Clara Silicon  
          Valley Central Chamber of Commerce; Silicon Valley Leadership  
          Group; Simi Valley Chamber of Commerce; South Shore Lake Tahoe  
          Chamber of Commerce; Southwest California Legislative Council;  
          Temecula Valley Chamber of Commerce; Turlock Chamber of  
          Commerce; Urban Counties Caucus; Visalia Chamber of Commerce;  
          Ventura County Chamber of Commerce; West Coast Lumber and  
          Building Material Association

           Opposition  :  California Labor Federation; California League of  
          Conservation Voters; California State Pipe Trades Council;  
          Center for Biological Diversity; Natural Resources Defense  
          Council; Planning and Conservation League; Sierra Club of  
          California; State Association of Electrical Workers; State  
          Building and Construction Trades Council, AFL-CIO; United Food  
          and Commercial Workers, Western States Council; Western States  
          Council of Sheet Metal Workers

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  Author

           Related Pending Legislation  :

          SB 731 (Steinberg, 2013) would provide, among other things, that  
          aesthetic and parking impacts of a residential, mixed-use  

                                                                      




          SB 1451 (Hill and Roth)
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          residential, or employment center project on an infill site  
          within a transit priority area shall not be considered  
          significant impacts on the environment under CEQA, as specified.  
           This bill is pending before the Assembly Committee on Local  
          Government.


           Prior Legislation  :

          SB 743 (Steinberg, Ch. 386, Stats. 2013) established specified  
          administrative and judicial review procedures for review of the  
          EIR and public agency approvals granted for a project related to  
          the development of an entertainment and sports center in the  
          City of Sacramento.  Additionally, this bill provides that  
          aesthetic and parking impacts of a residential, mixed-use  
          residential, or employment center project on an infill site  
          within a transit priority area shall not be considered  
          significant impacts on the environment under CEQA, as specified.

          AB 2577 (Galgiani, 2012) would have provided that a public  
          agency does not have a duty to consider, evaluate, or respond to  
          comments received after the expiration of the public comment and  
          review period required by CEQA, and that comments received after  
          the expiration of the public comment and review period shall not  
          become part of the record of proceedings.  This bill died in the  
          Assembly Committee on Natural Resources.

          SB 195 (Cannella, 2011) would have provided that CEQA does not  
          require a public agency to consider written materials submitted  
          after the close of the public comment period unless those  
          materials address specified matters.  The bill would also have  
          provided that if a lead agency elects not to consider written  
          materials submitted after the close of the public comment  
          period, the lead agency is not required to respond to that  
          written material, and that written material shall not be raised  
          in an action or proceeding to attack, review, set aside, void,  
          or annul the acts or decisions of a public agency on the grounds  
          of noncompliance with CEQA.  This bill died in the Senate  
          Committee on Rules.

          SB 292 (Padilla, Ch. 353, Stats. 2011) established specified  
          administrative and judicial review procedures for review of the  
          EIR and public agency approvals granted for a project related to  
          the development of a stadium in the City of Los Angeles.


                                                                      




          SB 1451 (Hill and Roth)
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          SB 683 (Correa, 2011) would have amended CEQA's exhaustion  
          requirement to preclude an action or proceeding to attack,  
          review, set aside, void, or annul the acts or decisions of a  
          public agency on the grounds of noncompliance with CEQA unless  
          the alleged grounds of noncompliance were first presented to the  
          public agency during the public comment period or prior to the  
          close of the public hearing on the project before the filing,  
          rather than issuance, of the notice of determination.  This bill  
          was subsequently amended to address a different subject.

          AB 900 (Buchanan, Ch. 354, Stats. 2011), the Jobs and Economic  
          Improvement Through Environmental Leadership Act of 2011,  
          established specified administrative and judicial review  
          procedures for the review of the EIR and public agency approvals  
          granted for designated residential, retail, commercial, sports,  
          cultural, entertainment, or recreational use projects, or clean  
          renewable energy or clean energy manufacturing projects.

          SB 1456 (Simitian, Ch. 496, Stats. 2010) added the requirement  
          that an organization formed after the approval of a project may  
          bring an action or proceeding to attack, review, set aside,  
          void, or annul the acts or decisions of a public agency on the  
          grounds of noncompliance with CEQA if a member of that  
          organization presented to the public agency orally or in writing  
          the alleged grounds for noncompliance during the public comment  
          period or prior to the close of the public hearing on the  
          project before the issuance of the notice of determination.

          SB 476 (Correa, 2009) would have amended CEQA's exhaustion  
          requirement in a manner substantially similar to that proposed  
          in SB 683 (Correa, 2011).  This bill died in the Assembly  
          Committee on Natural Resources.

          SB 1191 (Hollingsworth, 2006) would have amended CEQA's  
          exhaustion requirement in a manner substantially similar to that  
          proposed in this bill (SB 1451 (Hill)) as part of a broader set  
          of changes to CEQA.  SB 1191 died in the Senate Committee on  
          Environmental Quality.

          SB 1141 (Poochigian, 2001) would have expressly applied CEQA's  
          exhaustion requirement to the California Attorney General.  This  
          bill died in the Senate Committee on Environmental Quality.

          SB 919 (Dills, Ch. 1131, Stats. 1993) enacted CEQA's exhaustion  
          requirement by prohibiting the bringing of an action or  

                                                                      




          SB 1451 (Hill and Roth)
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          proceeding under the act unless the alleged grounds for  
          noncompliance with the act were presented to the public agency,  
          and unless the person bringing the action or proceeding objected  
          during the public comment period, or prior to the close of the  
          public hearing on the project.

           Prior Vote  :  Senate Committee on Environmental Quality (Ayes 4,  
          Noes 1)

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